梁奎 王曉榮 宋濤



[摘要] 目的 探討二維剪切波彈性成像(2D-SWE)在頸部不同病理類型淋巴結鑒別診斷中的價值。 方法 選取2017年10月—2019年5月新疆醫(yī)科大學第一附屬醫(yī)院101例共145個頸部腫大淋巴結的患者,對其行常規(guī)超聲及2D-SWE檢查,將其按淋巴結病理或隨訪6個月后的結果進行分組,將淋巴結結核、淋巴瘤、轉移性淋巴結作為病例組(92個),反應性增生淋巴結作為對照組(53個)。通過二元logistic回歸篩選出對病例組和對照組鑒別價值較高的彈性參數(shù),并通過該參數(shù)在各組間的比較及ROC曲線確定診斷界值。 結果 二元logistic回歸顯示淋巴結血流類型、內部回聲及2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax在病例組和對照組間鑒別診斷價值較高。各組間比較顯示淋巴瘤、淋巴結結核、轉移性淋巴結的Emax值均高于反應性增生淋巴結(均P < 0.01),且逐級增高。鑒別淋巴瘤與反應性增生淋巴結Emax界值為30.0 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.783、78.57%、67.92%,鑒別淋巴結結核與淋巴瘤Emax界值為47.53 kPa(P < 0.01),AUC、靈敏度、特異度分別為0.856、71.43%、91.30%,轉移性淋巴結Emax值與淋巴結結核比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。 結論 頸部不同病理類型淋巴結的硬度值存在差異,2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax是反映這一硬度差異的首選彈性參數(shù),可作為頸部淋巴結疾病超聲鑒別診斷的重要補充指標。
[關鍵詞] 頸部淋巴結;病理類型;鑒別診斷;二維剪切波彈性成像
[中圖分類號] R445.1? ? ? ? ? [文獻標識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1673-7210(2020)09(a)-0029-05
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the differential diagnosis value of two dimensional shear wave elastography (2D-SWE) in different pathological types of cervical lymph nodes. Methods A total of 101 patients with 145 enlarged cervical lymph nodes from October 2017 to May 2019 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University were selected, and they underwent routine ultrasound and 2D-SWE examination. They were grouped according to lymph node pathology or results after six months of follow-up. Nodal tuberculosis, lymphoma and metastatic lymph nodes were selected as the case group (92 cases) and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes as the control group (53 cases). Binary logistic regression was used to screen the elastic parameter with high differential value between the case group and the control group, and the diagnostic boundary value was determined by the comparison of this parameter between the groups and the ROC curve. Results Binary logistic regression showed that lymph node blood flow type, internal echo and 2D-SWE parameter Emax had higher differential diagnostic value between the case group and the control group. The Emax values of lymphomas, nodal tuberculosis and metastatic lymph nodes were higher than those of reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes (all P < 0.01) and increased step by step. The Emax boundary value of lymphomas and reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes was 30.0 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.783, 78.57% and 67.92%, respectively. The Emax boundary value of nodal tuberculosis and lymphoma was 47.53 kPa (P < 0.01), and the AUC, sensitivity and specificity were 0.856, 71.43% and 91.30%, respectively. There was no significant difference in Emax value between reactive hyperplasia lymph nodes and nodal tuberculosis (P > 0.05). Conclusion The 2D-SWE parameter Emax is the preferred elastic parameter to reflect the difference in hardness of cervical lymph nodes of different pathological types, which can be used as an important supplementary indicator for the ultrasonic differential diagnosis of cervical lymph node diseases.
轉移性淋巴結在四種病理類型中硬度最高,與癌細胞侵蝕,淋巴結結構被破壞,纖維組織增生及壞死物沉積有關[17-21]。轉移性淋巴結Emax值與淋巴結結核比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05),對二者的鑒別仍需要結合臨床及超聲特征綜合判斷[22-24]。
有研究[25-27]采用Q-Trace描記出淋巴結最大截面進行測量,描記法對發(fā)現(xiàn)淋巴結局灶性轉移可能更具優(yōu)勢,但會將淋巴結內鈣化灶和液化壞死區(qū)包含在內,由于剪切波不能在液體中傳播,彈性圖上液化壞死區(qū)內出現(xiàn)大片“空洞”區(qū),影響圖像質量及測量,而鈣化灶會使測量結果高于淋巴結的真實硬度。因此選擇避開鈣化灶和液化壞死區(qū)的感興趣區(qū),使用Q-Box法測量,結果可信度更高。
本研究局限性有:①樣本量較小,未按淋巴結結核分型和轉移淋巴結腫瘤組織學類型進行亞組分析[28];②頸部固有曲率導致彈性圖容易出現(xiàn)偽影,頸動脈搏動可能會帶動周圍組織振動產生橫波,這些因素都可能影響測值準確性[29]。
綜上所述,頸部不同病理類型淋巴結硬度存在差異,2D-SWE參數(shù)Emax是反映這一硬度差異的首選彈性參數(shù),可作為頸部淋巴結疾病超聲鑒別診斷的重要補充指標。
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(收稿日期:2020-05-13)