冬季補光對大棚火龍果開花結果的影響

賴瑞云 林建忠 張雪芹 鐘贊華 謝志南

摘?要：以大棚內紅肉系火龍果‘短芯為試材，通過冬季夜間補光措施來誘導火龍果開花結果，研究其生長開花結果表現及花果生長期狀況，探討冬季補光對大棚火龍果開花結果的效應影響，結果顯示，冬季夜間補光后，大棚‘短芯火龍果補光處理植株于1月中旬即可成花，比對照提前3個批次開花結果，補光處理可有效地促使火龍果植株抽蕾成花。補光處理植株1，2，3，4批次花果生長期依次變短，果實單果質量及大小依次變小，差異顯著，可為火龍果花期調控技術提供參考。

關鍵詞：冬季補光;大棚火龍果;開花結果;影響

文章編號：2096-8108（2020）06-0031-04??中圖分類號：S667.9??文獻標識碼：A

Effect of Supplemental Lighting on Blossom and Fruiting of Pitaya in the Shed in Winter

LAI Ruiyun， LIN Jianzhong， ZHANG Xueqin， ZHONG Zanhua， XIE Zhinan*

（Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany， Fujian Lab of Subtropical

Plant Physiology and Biochemistry，Xiamen Engineering Research Center for New-Superior Seeding Breeding in Agriculture and Forestry， Xiamen 361006，China）

Abstract：Taking the red pulp pitaya ‘Duanxin in the shed as the test material by applying supplement light measures to induce the flowering and fruiting of the pitaya in winter， the growth and development of pitaya flower and fruit were studied， and the effect after the implementation of supplementation lighting were explored. The results showed that ‘Duanxin pitaya could be flowered in mid-January after applying supplement light measures in winter. It could accelerate blossoming and fruiting for three batches. The supplemental lighting can promote flower buds of pitaya plants in the shed in winter effectively. The growth period of the first， second， third and fourth batches of flowers and fruits were shortened in turn， and the weight and size of Single fruit become smaller in turn，which can provide effective technical way to flowering regulation of pitaya.

Keywords：supplemental lighting in winter;shed pitaya;flowering and fruiting; effect

火龍果（Hylocereus spp.）是仙人掌科（Cactaceae）量天尺屬（Hylocereus）熱帶亞熱帶果樹，20世紀90年代初，臺灣開始引種栽培火龍果，目前，火龍果在我國臺灣、海南、廣東、廣西、福建及貴州南部等地大面積栽培[1]。火龍果含有豐富的營養成分及功能性物質[2]，開發利用前景十分廣闊[3]。一般露地栽培火龍果開花期在5-11月，結果期為6-12月[4]，正值其他水果大量上市，容易導致火龍果滯銷。12月至翌年5月由于溫度低，植株生長停滯，此時期為果實上市的空檔期[5-7]。火龍果植株在冬春低溫期仍可生長，具有一年多批次抽花結果的習性[4]，應用夜間補光技術等產期調控技術可以使火龍果提前開花結果，避開火龍果大量上市期，填補了果期空白。顏昌瑞[8]等對火龍果夜間22：00-2：00實現4 h的延長光照，可促火龍果終年結果，但仍以夏季結果為多[8]，葉小榮[9]等于4月進行補光處理，有效地促進大棚火龍果開花，提高夏季果產量。……