如今,越來越多的外國朋友對漢語逐步產生濃厚興趣。有人甚至涉獵中國的古典文學作品,如美國漢學家艾愷早在20世紀60年代,就初涉到浩瀚無邊的古漢語。中國是一個崇尚“緣分”的社會,因而“緣分”二字在古典文學作品里信手拈來。那么,如何用英文來翻譯“緣分”二字呢?本文主要介紹運用三個英語單詞來翻譯處理古典文學作品里的“緣分”二字,以饗中外讀者。
一、luck(y)譯
luck主要有“運氣,幸運”等意思。如:There was a woman who was beautiful, who started with all the advantages, yet she had no luck. 曾經有這樣一位美麗的婦人,各種有利條件齊集一身,然而卻說不上是命運的寵兒。請看luck(y)譯如何處理“緣分”二字。例如:
1) 做甚么了便沒?只恨我夫妻緣分上薄,自不撞著! (出處:元末明初文學家施耐庵的《水滸》All Men Are Brothers) Who says there isn’t? It’s just that my marriage luck has been bad. I’ve never met the right one.
2)她無緣,小生薄命。 (出處:元代雜劇作家王實甫的《西廂記》)。She lacks the karma; I’m out of luck.
3)只為緣慳分淺,遇不著一個知己,所以對月傷懷,臨風灑淚!(出處:清代小說家吳敬梓的《儒林外史》The Scholars) But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy!
4)只為緣慳分淺,遇不著一個知己,所以對月傷懷,臨風灑淚! (出處:《儒林外史》) But I have not been lucky enough to find a true friend, and that is why I so often give way to melancholy!
二、fate譯
fate主要有“命運”等意思。如:By a strange twist of fate, Andy and I were on the same plane for Cairo, the capital city of Egypt. 由于命運的奇特安排,我和安迪乘坐了同一架飛機飛往埃及首都開羅。請看fate譯如何處理“緣分”二字。例如:
1)富貴功名,前緣分定。(出處:明代小說家吳承恩《西游記》) Wealth and honor, glory and fame, are predetermined by fate.
2)一則是天緣,二來是‘情人眼里出西施’。(出處:清代小說家曹雪芹的《紅樓夢》) It’s partly fate, and partly a case of “Beauty is in the eye of the beholder.”
3)更使襟靈憎市井,足知緣分在云山。(出處:北宋文學家呂南公的《奉答顧言見寄新句》) The mind dislikes the marketplace even more and it’s enough to know that fate lies in Yunshan.
三、destiny譯
destiny主要有“命運;天命”等意思。如:I believe there’s some force guiding us --- call it belief, destiny or fate. 我總認為有某種力量在引導著我們---叫它信仰也罷,天意也罷,還是命運也罷。請欣賞destiny譯如何處理“緣分”二字。例如:
1) 備分淺緣薄,不能與先生相聚。(出處:元末明初小說家羅貫中所著《三國演義》) My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.
2)君琴瑟之好,自相知音;薄命人烏有此福。如有緣,再世可相聚耳。(出處:清代文學家蒲松齡的《聊齋·宦娘》) You are like a matching lute and zither set. You can appreciate each other’s music. Fate has been too unkind to allow me such blessings. If we are linked by the ties of destiny, we will meet again in the next life.
除用以上三個英語單詞英譯“緣分”之外,有人還用honour和lot等詞翻譯與處理過《三國演義》里的“緣分”和“無緣”等字眼。例如:
1) 備久慕先生,無緣拜會。Your talents and your virtue have ever been the objects of my esteem. But I have not had the honour of being presented to you.
2) 備分淺緣薄,不能與先生相聚。My meagre lot, my partly destiny keep us from remaining together.
參考文獻:
[1]知乎, “緣分用英語怎么翻譯更合適?” https://www.zhihu.com/question/19911438/answer/662751049
[2]毛里林(譯) “漢語熱持續升溫”,《英語世界》2018年第7期
[3]劉重德(主編) 《英漢翻譯例句詞典》,湖南文藝出版社,1999年