外荒村旅行驛站，山西，中國

建筑設計：羅宇杰工作室

“生長的建造”

我崇尚自然，看著那些不斷向上生長的植物入迷，它們不斷攀升的形態萬千，只為去尋求更多的陽光，這種自然的張力，產生出眾多美妙智慧的結構原型，吸引人去探究……

背景

上云臺是山西陵川的一個自然景區，位于云臺山景區的上方而得名，地處太行山脈與中原平原地質斷裂帶處，是太行風光最美之所在，有極佳的觀景視野。

景區管理方之前是山西當地的小煤炭礦主，在1990年代末獲得不錯的經濟收益，隨后礦主選擇退出對礦產資源的開采，轉而投資當地的地質景觀區域，承包了該鄉鎮的一個景觀片區，為當地原有村落修筑了公路。龐大的地域規模，比預想的投資大得多，與山下河南焦作地區的云臺山景區也因為種種原因沒有形成旅游資源互動。景區在進行非常前期的建設之后，就陷入了停滯的困境，形成了一個初開發狀態，產生了很多只做完基礎或者結構框架的施工未完成建筑物，停滯長達10年之久。

外荒村位于上云臺與云臺山景區最險要的交匯處，也是最好的觀景區。景區管理方做了一些觀景設施，包括八角亭臺，曾經計劃在外荒聚落的東南邊修建一處供游客使用的衛生間，由于投資資金斷裂，僅僅完成衛生間的基礎建設就被擱置。

優美的風景吸引了大量游客前來參觀，但周邊居住條件和衛生環境低劣，無法滿足旅行者的游憩需求。利用現有停滯建設的衛生間的基礎，滿足部分旅行者的休憩需求，通過驛站經營刺激并促生當地的旅行服務生態，是本項目的由來。

空間懸挑

原衛生間的矩形基礎平面軸線為10m×6m，面積有限，為了獲得更多的休息空間以及更好的景觀視野，必須通過局部空間懸挑來實現。將衛浴、儲物等建造結構相對密集（荷載也相對較重）的空間組成部件放置在原衛生間基礎的內部，將旅居臥室大空間（荷載也相對較輕）置于懸挑的區域。這種布局原則既符合結構受力，又符合觀景的視覺空間邏輯。

密集柱陣

現狀基礎為毛石砌筑，基地為巨型巖石，山路崎嶇，重型器械無法駛入施工，因而采用勻質的結構柱形成矩陣獲得協同受力體系，將整體建筑的受力均勻消解在基座部分。木結構以1m的柱距密陣排列在基礎之上，形成一個完整均衡的結構體。結構主體通過毛石基礎的圈梁形成整板基礎受力，獲得對原毛石基礎更有利（更小）的壓力。密集向內的柱陣，和上部的結構梁交織形成完整的統一體，縱橫貫穿的水平向梁，從兩頭同時伸出，像扁擔兩頭平衡受力。豎向的柱子與水平向的橫梁，在外部墻體的夾接處，采用曲木梁支撐的銜接關系。上下水平梁之間，增加斜拉木梁加強結構關聯的三角受力。

遺留基礎的加固

現狀基礎的下部是毛石砌筑，頂部有一圈混凝土梁，圈梁上部預留了很多預埋金屬板構件，金屬板構件的間隔尺寸為2m。通過在周圈圈梁的基礎上，增加密梁“井”字交叉，交織的密梁，為1m的間隔，在每一個交叉點，向下部焊接鋼柱，鋼柱之間通過斜叉的交織梁進行焊接。獲得更穩定的底部支撐。由于基礎的底部地層是巨型巖石，采用了化學錳酸進行鉆孔技術，以類似“玉米稈”稈節上的細根理念：玉米稈瘦長，易彎，在稈的下部，每一層稈節處都會生長出細根，像傘的骨架一樣撐開落地。將鋼柱與鉆孔后預埋螺栓再進行鋼筋焊接，類似玉米稈底部與細根連接的原理，使得所有基礎達到一個穩定的狀態。

所有底部構件均采用鋼結構材料，在中心的結構圈層里，澆筑混凝土，讓中心所有的部件形成一個完整的可以抵抗上部建筑側向推力的敦實基座。

交通分“界”

上云臺的景色四面俱佳，登高遠望，在驛站內部設環形階梯，以10m長的南北兩個邊設置踏步，以中間為軸分4段樓梯踏步，每上升1/4建筑的邊長即上至一個平臺層，從某種意義來看，這也是水平交通與垂直交通的并置處理，傳統意義上消極的垂直交通變成了與水平交通共生的積極空間，垂直交通也是水平交通的一部分。交通空間的護欄，并沒有把護欄當作基本構件來設計，而是采用了單層書擱架的方式設置，上下擱架桿之間，采用合適的間隔以達到安全，這些擱架與書的安放，形成空間屏障，從頂部滲透下來的光線，透過書架彌散下來。交通分隔帶來空間的內聚與外延：內聚的空間靜謐幽閉，只有頂光自上部滲透下來；外延的空間開放遼闊，從封閉靜謐的樓梯層，推開休憩房間的門，豁然開朗，可以觀遠山和云海。

生長

從廢舊場地更新的邏輯來看，這個建筑是重生于廢棄之上的，從建筑空間形態來看，這個建筑也是逐級向上遞進生長的，這兩者同時也順應了場地上人工的建造遺棄之物和自然的大山延綿起伏之勢。（撰文：羅宇杰）

1 總平面/Site plan

2 基地現狀/Site situation

3 外景效果圖/Exterior view

4 分解圖/Exploded diagram

項目信息/Credits and Data

業主/Client: 上云臺景區/Shangyuntai Scenic Area

項目地址/Location: 中國山西省陵川縣奪火鄉外荒村/Waihuang Village, Duohuo Town, Lingchuan County, Shanxi Province, China

建筑師/Architects: 羅宇杰，黃尚萬/LUO Yujie, HUANG Shangwan

承建商/Construction Firm: 上木造（北京）建筑科技有限公司/Shinewood Building Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd.

建筑面積/Floor Area: 310 m2

設計時間/Design Time: 2020.09

擬竣工時間/Proposed Completion Time: 2021.08

"Construction of Growth"

I admire nature and I am fascinated in plants that keep growing upwards. Their diversified growing gestures are just for getting more sunlight.This kind of natural tension creates large number of wonderful and intelligent structures, which attracts people to explore.

Background

Shangyuntai is a natural scenic spot in Lingchuan, Shanxi Province, China, and it is so named because it sits above the Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area in Jiaozuo, Henan Province. Located at the geological fault zone of Taihang Mountains and the Central Plains, it offers spectacular scenery and provides a great view to the surrounding landscape.

The previous operator of the scenic spot was a local coal mining owner, who gained considerable economic bene fits in the late 1990s, and later chose to withdraw from the mineral industry and started investing in local geological landscape areas. The coal mining owner undertook a scenic area in the town,and has built roads for local villages. However, the large geographical scope of the scenic area requires much more investment than expected. And for various reasons, there was no interaction between tourists and the area down the hill. After the earlystage construction of the Shangyuntai Scenic Area,it fells into a deadlock and stayed un-developed,leaving many incomplete buildings with merely built foundations or structural frames. The construction has been suspended for 10 years.

Waihuang Village is located at the most precipitous intersection of Shangyuntai and Yuntai Mountain Scenic Area, and provides the best view to the natural surroundings. The operator of the Shangyuntai Scenic Area has built some landscape viewing facilities, such as octagonal pavilions.Besides, a public restroom for tourists was planned to be constructed at the southeast of Waihuang Village. However, due to investment capital rupture,the plan was shelved after the completion of the restroom's foundation.

The beautiful sceneries of the area have attracted a large number of tourists, but the poor living conditions and sanitary environment couldn't meet the demands of travellers for resting and accommodation. The intention of this project is to build a hostel based on the foundation of the uncompleted restroom, so as to provide tourists with a place for taking a rest and to stimulate,promote the development of local tourism services.

5 平面/Plan

6 剖面/Section

Overhanging Spaces

The rectangular plane of the original restroom is 10m long and 6m wide, so the area is limited.In order to obtain more resting space and better view of landscape, we must create overhanging spaces. The programmes with relatively dense structures (holding a relatively heavy weight) such as bathroom, storage, etc. are placed within the foundation of the original restroom, while large bedrooms (with relatively a light load) are set at overhanging areas. Such a strategy of spatial organisation is not only in line with structural load,but also matches the logic of landscape viewing from the spaces.

Dense Column Grid

The existing foundation is rubble masonry,and what is beneath it is a huge rock. The mountain road is rugged, so heavy machinery can't drive into the construction site. Therefore, an evenlydistributed structural column grid is used to form a matrix to obtain a coordinated load bearing system, and the load bearing of the overall building is evenly distributed on the base. The wooden structure featuring dense arrangement of columns(column spacing: 1 m) was managed to be put on the foundation, hence generating a complete and balanced structural system. The main body of the structure forms the entire slab foundation through the ring beams of the rubble foundation, and realizes a more favourable (smaller) pressure on the existing foundation. The densely inward column matrix interweaves with the upper structural beams to form a complete unity. The horizontal beams cross each other and are extended to both ends at the same time, like a shoulder pole to balance the load bearing. Vertical columns and horizontal beams are connected by curved wooden beams at the junctions of the external walls.Between the upper and lower horizontal beams,inclined wooden beams are added to strengthen the triangular load bearing associated with the structure.

Reinforcement of the Existing Foundation

The lower part of the existing foundation was made of rubble masonry, and there is a ring of concrete beams on top. A lot of embedded metal plate members are reserved on the upper part of the ring beam for future construction. The spacing between the metal plate members is 2 m. In order to get a more stable support on the bottom, a dense grid-like beam system is introduced on the basis of the perimetre beams. The spacing between those interwoven dense beams is 1 m. At each intersection,the steel columns are welded to the lower part and strengthened by diagonal criss-crossing beams.Since the bottom layer of the foundation was a giant rock, manganese acid is used for drilling, which adopts a "corn stalk" concept - corn stalks are long and thin, easy to bend, and thinner branches can grow from each node of the stalks and spread out like the skeleton of an umbrella. Steel columns are welded with the embedded bolts after the drilling work. Such treatment is similar to the concept of connecting the bottom of the corn stalk with the thinner branches, so that all the elements of the foundation can reach a stable status.

All the bottom components are made of steel.And concrete is poured in the central structure, so that all components in the centre can work together to form a complete solid foundation that can resist against the lateral force of the upper construction.

Traf fic "Boundaries"

Shangyuntai has charming natural scenery in all directions. A spiral stairs is inserted into the space for landscape viewing. Stairs are set along the 2 north-south edges that stretch 10 metres,and are divided into 4 sections based on the centre axis. There is a platform after climbing every 1/4 of the length of the building's side. In a sense, this realises the juxtaposition of horizontal and vertical circulations, and helps to convert the dull vertical traffic into a dynamic experience that integrated with the horizontal circulation. Safety rails are not just treated as basic components, but are integrated into single-level bookshelves. The upper and lower shelf rods are separated by suitable gaps to ensure safety. The arrangement of shelves and books form a spatial barrier and a light diffuser. Traffic separation brings in both cohesion and extension of the space.Inward-looking areas are quiet and enclosed, with only the top light penetrating and casting down,leaving outward-facing spaces open and expansive.As tourists pass the closed, quiet stairs and then open the door of bedrooms, the view towards hills that are from distance and sea of clouds will be suddenly opened up.

Growth

The building is reborn from a waste field and grows upwards layer by layer in terms of architecture form. It conforms to the artificial construction of abandoned objects on the site and the continuous undulation of natural mountains.(Text by LUO Yujie )

7 室內公共交通 /Interior public circulation

8 室內公共交通 /Interior public circulation