王剛 張甲波 白玉川 楊燕雄 黃哲 劉會欣 肖桂珍



摘要:海岸建筑退縮線是科學有效保護和管理海岸線的重要措施之一。為促進我國海岸線資源的可持續開發利用 , 文章兼顧海岸線的自然和社會等屬性 , 采用德爾菲法、層次分析法和聚類分析法相結合的方法 ,構建我國海岸建筑退縮線退縮距離的綜合評價指標體系 , 提出退縮距離的計算方法 , 并以秦皇島沿岸為例劃定海岸建筑退縮線。研究結果表明:海岸建筑退縮線退縮距離的綜合評價指標體系包括海岸線類型、海岸線開發利用類型、海洋經濟效益、防災效果和生態環境質量5類影響因素以及16項主要指標;在確定退縮線起算基線、綜合評價指標分級和退縮距離等級的基礎上 , 海岸建筑退縮線退縮距離是隨綜合評價值的增大而敏感性增強的連續分段函數;在秦皇島沿岸的27個岸段中 , 海岸建筑退縮線的退縮距離等級分布較廣 , 最小和最大退縮距離分別為25m 和500m ,其中河口和基巖等岸線的退縮距離較小 , 旅游娛樂岸線的退縮距離基本為200~300m ,保護區岸線的退縮距離較大。
關鍵詞:海岸線;退縮線;海岸建筑;退縮距離;陸海統籌
中圖分類號:P748;P753????? 文獻標志碼:A?????? 文章編號:1005-9857(2021)12-0058-09
Comprehensive Delineation of the Coastal Building Setback Line:A Case Study in Qinhuangdao, China
WANG Gang1.2.3,ZHANG Jiabo2.3,BAI Yuchuan1,YANG Yanxiong2.3,
HUANG Zhe1,LIU Huixin2.3,XIAO Guizhen4
(1.Tianjin University,Tianjin 300000,China;
2.Marine Geological Resources Survey Center of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066000,China;
3.Marine Ecological Restoration and Smart Ocean Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao 066000,China;
4.Department of Natural Resources of Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang 050000,China)
Abstract:Coastal building setback line is a key way to protect and manage the coastlines. To promote sustainable development and utilization of coastline resources in China, this paper established an comprehensive evaluation index system, which balanced natural and social attributes ofthe coastline, and provided a calculate method to assess the distance of coastal building setbackline based on expert opinion method (Delphi), analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and cluster analysis. Moreover, this method was used to establish the coastal building setback line in Qinhuangdao. The results showed that 5 factors, i.e. coast type, coastline using type, marine economic benefits, disaster prevention intensity and ecological environment quality, which contained16 indicators were property to establish the comprehensive evaluation index system of thedistance of coastal building setback line. According to our evaluation system, when the startingbaseline of setback line, grade of comprehensive evaluation index and grade of setback distancewere determined, the coastal building setback distance was a continuous piecewise function andthe sensibility of it increased with the enhancement of the value of comprehensive evaluation.Meanwhile, 27 segmented shorelines in Qinhuangdao had different grades of coastal building setback, of which the minimum setback distance was 25 m and the maximum was about 500 m. Fordetails, the shoreline types of estuary and bedrock were with relative short setback distances,while the setback distance of recreational shoreline ranged from 200 m to 300 m. The shoreline ofconservation area was with longer setback distance compared to others.
Keywords:Coastline,Setback line,Coastal building,Setback distance,Land-sea coordination
0 引言
海岸帶作為獨特的資源具有脆弱性和敏感性 ,隨著海洋經濟的發展、人口的增長和城市化建設的加快 ,人類對海岸帶資源的開發利用程度逐漸增強 ,越來越多的人工建筑物占用海岸線空間資源且距離海水越來越近[1-2] , 給海岸帶生態環境帶來巨大壓力 , 同時受到臺風和風暴潮等海洋災害的潛在威脅[3-4]。……