海岸帶綜合管理政策的制定、執行與效果論析

楊楊 吳娟

摘要：為促進我國海岸帶的可持續發展 ，助力海洋強國和海洋生態文明建設 ， 文章綜合運用奎德模型和瓊斯模型 ，從問題進入政府、政府內部行動、政府處理問題和項目回到政府4個環節 ， 比較分析阿爾及利亞和厄瓜多爾海岸帶綜合管理政策的制定、執行和效果 ， 并提出可供我國借鑒的經驗。研究結果表明：對于阿爾及利亞和厄瓜多爾海岸帶綜合管理政策的對比分析主要包括海岸帶面臨的問題、政策目標、法律法規和項目規劃制定、執行機構建立、人力資源培育、經濟資源投入以及政策效果和問題;阿爾及利亞和厄瓜多爾在人文環境和自然環境方面與我國有相似之處 ， 其海岸帶綜合管理經驗對我國具有參考價值 ， 主要包括提高海岸帶綜合管理的公眾參與度和公眾海洋生態環境保護意識、注重政策項目評估、保證項目資金供給充足、合理劃分政府部門的權責范圍以及協調海岸帶經濟社會發展與生態環境保護的關系。

關鍵詞：海岸帶綜合管理;海洋生態環境;海洋開發利用;可持續發展;公眾參與

中圖分類號：P748????? 文獻標志碼：A?????? 文章編號：1005-9857（2021）12-0052-06

The Formulation， Implementation and Effect of IntegratedCoastal Zone Management Policy：A Comparative Study Based on theCase of Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Algeria and Ecuador

YANG Yang，WU Juan

（School of Ocean Culture and Law，Shanghai Ocean University，Shanghai 201306，Chína）

Abstract：In order to promote the sustainable development of China's coastal zone and contributeto the construction of marine power and marine ecological civilization， this paper comprehensivelyused the Quaid model and Jones model to compare and analyze the formulation， implementationand effect of the integrated coastal zone management policies in Algeria and Ecuador from the4 links of problems entering the government， internal actions of the government， governmenthandling problems and projects back to the government，and put forward the experience thatcould be used for reference in China. The results showed that the comparative analysis of the integrated coastal zone management policies of Algeria and Ecuador mainly included the problemsfaced by the coastal zone， policy objectives， formulation of laws and regulations and project planning， establishment of executive agencies， cultivation of human resources， input of economic resources， and policy effects and problems. Algeria and Ecuador were similar to China in terms ofhuman environment and natural environment. Their experience in integrated coastal zone management was of reference value to China， mainly including improving public participation in integrated coastal zone management and public awareness of marine ecological environment protection，paying attention to policy project evaluation， ensuring adequate supply of project funds， and reasonably dividing the scope of rights and responsibilities of government departments andcoordinate the relationship between coastal economic and social development and ecological environment protection.

Keywords： Integrated coastal zone management， Marine ecological environment， Marine development and utilization，Sustainable development，Public participation

0 引言

海岸帶是海洋和陸地的交匯地帶 ，憑借優越的自然地理環境吸引大量工業、農業、商業、交通和娛樂等行業的從業人口和各類經濟資源。在各類群體和行業對海岸帶自然資源的需求日益提升且競爭日益加劇的背景下 ，海岸帶面臨自然資源日漸枯竭和環境持續惡化的嚴重危機 ，風暴潮、赤潮、綠潮、溢油、海冰和海岸侵蝕等海洋自然災害使海岸帶區域面臨的威脅進一步加重。……