劉素庚
1. 【句型回顧】When you called, I was taking a shower. 你打電話來的時(shí)候,我正在洗澡。
【解析】1)when既指時(shí)間點(diǎn),也可指一段時(shí)間,因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞,也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。例:
They were reading books when the teacher came in.老師進(jìn)來時(shí),他們在讀書。
2)when 說明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可以是先后發(fā)生。例:
I was doing my homework when my father came back home yesterday evening.
昨天晚上父親回家的時(shí)候,我正在做家庭作業(yè)。
【中考真題】(2020·北京)I on the computer when Frank called me last night.
A. work B. will work C. was working D. am working
【答案剖析】句意為:當(dāng)弗蘭克昨晚打電話給我時(shí),我正在電腦上工作。when Frank called me是過去時(shí),所以主句應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),應(yīng)選C。
2. 【句型回顧】While Linda was sleeping, Jenny was helping Mary with her homework. 琳達(dá)在睡覺時(shí),珍妮在幫助瑪麗做作業(yè)。
【解析】1)while和when都表示同時(shí),到底句子中是用when還是while主要看從句和主句中所使用的動(dòng)詞是短暫性動(dòng)詞(瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞)還是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。
①若主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性的動(dòng)作,而從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作時(shí),兩者都可用。
He fell asleep when/while he was reading. 他在看書的時(shí)候睡著了。
②若主、從句表示兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間,通常要用 while。
I’m watching TV while you’re eating. 你吃飯時(shí)我在看電視。
③若從句是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作,而主句是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作,要用when而不能用 while。
When Susan came in, I was listening to the radio. 蘇珊進(jìn)來時(shí),我正在聽收音機(jī)。
2)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)和現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)區(qū)別
過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其形式為was /were + V-ing;而現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。其形式為be(am, is, are)+ V-ing。例:
It was raining when they left the station. 當(dāng)車開的時(shí)候,天正下著雨。
It is raining at the moment. 現(xiàn)在天正下著雨。
【中考真題】(2020·貴州·黔西南)While Mike computer games in his room, his dad came in.
A. is playing B. was playing C. will play D. plays
【答案剖析】句意為:當(dāng)邁克在他的房間正玩電腦游戲時(shí),他爸爸進(jìn)來了。時(shí)間是過去,應(yīng)用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),可知選B。
3. 【句型回顧】I don’t know if I should say anything to them about this. 我不知道我是否該對他們說些什么。
【解析】1)用在條件句中,if意為“如果” ,主句用將來時(shí),if引導(dǎo)的從句不可用將來時(shí),應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來;
2)引導(dǎo)賓語從句,if意為“是否” = whether ,可以用將來時(shí)。賓語從句要用陳述句語序。
【中考真題】1)(2020·湖北·黃岡)—What did Lily say to you just now, Emma?
—She wanted to know .
A. what will I do this Sunday
B. who did I play volleyball with just now
C. why I am late for class this morning
D. if I could go shopping with her tonight
2)(2020·貴州·黔西南)Jeff asked his students, “Do you know it is important to protect the earth?” (改為間接引語)
Jeff asked his students they it is important to protect the earth.
【答案剖析】1)動(dòng)詞know后接賓語從句,應(yīng)用陳述句語序,所以應(yīng)排除A與B;主句是一般過去時(shí),那么從句中應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài),所以排除C,正確答案是D。
2)asked his students后應(yīng)接陳述句語序,Do you know...?應(yīng)改為由whether 或if引導(dǎo)的陳述句,答案為:whether/if, knew。