李建高

在復合句中,修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。初中階段主要考查由關系代詞that, which, who/whom等引導的定語從句,現結合近年來全國各地中考試題講解如下:
1. —Do you know Li Ziqi?—Of course. She is a beautiful girl has made many videos to show a traditional Chinese way oflife.(2020山東濱州)
A. whose B. where C. which D. who
【答案與解析】D 句意:——你知道李子柒嗎?——當然知道,她是一個美麗的女孩,她制作了許多視頻來展示中國傳統的生活方式。先行詞girl是人,且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,故關系代詞選用who。
2. Our teacher told us a funny story made us laugh.(2020廣西北部灣)
A. when B. which C. who D. whom
【答案與解析】B 句意:老師給我們講了一個有趣的故事,它讓我們都笑了。先行詞story是物,且關系代詞在定語從句中作主語,故關系代詞選用which。
3. —What are you looking for?—I’m looking for the dictionary my brother gave me last month.(2020遼寧營口)
A. that B. what C. who D. whom
【答案與解析】A 句意:——你在找什么?——我正在找我哥哥上個月給我的詞典。先行詞dic?tionary是物,且關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語,故關系代詞選用that。
4. —What are you doing?
—We are talking about the books and writers we like.(2019貴州銅仁)
A. that B. which C. who D. whom
【答案與解析】A 句意:——你們在干什么?——我們正在談論我們喜歡的書和作者。先行詞thebooks and writers是人和物,故關系代詞只能用that。
使用關系代詞時,我們還要注意以下幾點:
⑴ 關系代詞在從句中作主語時,從句謂語動詞的人稱和數要與先行詞保持一致。
5. I want a mobile phone which good pictures.(2020甘肅金昌)
A. took B. is taking C. takes D. take
【答案與解析】C 句意:我想要一部拍精美照片的手機。關系代詞which在從句中作主語,先行詞mobile phone為單數可數名詞,故從句謂語用第三人稱單數形式takes。
⑵ 當先行詞是all, anything, something, nothing, everything等不定代詞時,或者當先行詞被形容詞的最高級、序數詞或the last, the only等修飾時,關系代詞只能用that。
6. —Have you got ready for the soccer game?—Yes, I’ve done everything I can to win the game.(2019黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. who B. that C. which
【答案與解析】B 先行詞everything是不定代詞,故關系代詞只能用that。
7. —What are they talking about?
—They are talking about the greatest inventions have made a big difference to our daily life.
(2020黑龍江哈爾濱)
A. which B. who C. that
【答案與解析】C 先行詞inventions是物,且其前有形容詞最高級the greatest修飾,故關系代詞只能用that。
8. —Tomorrow is Father’s Day. What’s your surprise for your father?
—The first thing I will do is to make a card for him.(2019湖北黃石)
A. who B. where C. whose D. that
【答案與解析】D 先行詞thing是物,且其前有序數詞first修飾,故關系代詞只能用that。
⑶ 關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞的賓語時,有時可以省略。但當“介詞+ 關系代詞”引導定語從句時,關系代詞不能省略且只能用which或whom。
9. The house in Lu Xun used to live is now a museum.(2020黑龍江牡丹江)
A. which B. where C. that
【答案與解析】A 句意:魯迅故居如今是一個博物館。先行詞house是物,且關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞in的賓語,故關系代詞只能用which。
10. —Please tell me something about Yang Liwei.
—He is a great astronaut of ______ all the Chinese are proud.(2017湖北鄂州)
A. that B. whose C. who D. whom
【答案與解析】D 句意:——請告訴我有關楊利偉的一些事。——他是一位偉大的宇航員,所有中國人都以他為傲。先行詞astronaut是人,且關系代詞在定語從句中作介詞of的賓語,故關系代詞只能用whom。