矮化密植對(duì)多穗柯生長(zhǎng)狀況及經(jīng)營(yíng)效果的影響

摘要 [目的]探究多穗柯矮化密植葉用林的經(jīng)營(yíng)效果。[方法]以株行距180 cm×180 cm傳統(tǒng)密度營(yíng)造的多穗柯林分為對(duì)照（CK），研究矮化密植（種植密度為6 273株/hm2）對(duì)多穗柯的生長(zhǎng)狀況、鮮葉質(zhì)量（嫩枝、嫩葉）、采摘工效等經(jīng)營(yíng)效果的影響。[結(jié)果]矮化密植處理的株數(shù)比CK處理增加117.4%，樹高降低71.1%，枝下高較低，總分枝數(shù)略有降低，但5級(jí)及以上分枝數(shù)顯著增加，鮮葉質(zhì)量明顯提高，兩者間單株總鮮葉質(zhì)量在0.05水平存在顯著差異，單位面積鮮葉質(zhì)量在0.01水平存在顯著差異。矮化密植林分站立采摘率達(dá)100%，而CK的站立采摘率僅30.4%～31.5%，矮化密植處理采摘速度較CK處理提高3倍多。[結(jié)論]采用矮化密植技術(shù)措施處理多穗柯葉用林具有良好的經(jīng)營(yíng)效果，可以在適當(dāng)?shù)牡貐^(qū)推廣應(yīng)用。

關(guān)鍵詞 多穗柯;矮化密植;經(jīng)營(yíng)效果;鮮葉質(zhì)量

中圖分類號(hào) S 792.99? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼 A? 文章編號(hào) 0517-6611（2021）19-0117-02

doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2021.19.029

開放科學(xué)（資源服務(wù)）標(biāo)識(shí)碼（OSID）：

Effects of Dwarf Dense Planting on Growth Status and Management Effect of ?Lithocarpus polystachyus

LIAO Chao-hui

（State Owned Forest Farm of Jianning，F(xiàn)ujian Province，Jianning，F(xiàn)ujian 354500）

Abstract [Objective]To study the management effect of dwarf dense leaf plantation of ?Lithocarpus polystachyus .[Method]The row spacing 180 cm × 180 cm stand was used as control to study the effects of dwarf dense planting （planting density of 6 273 plants/hm2） on the growth status， fresh leaf quality （twigs and leaves）， picking efficiency and so on. [Result]Compared with CK treatment， the number of plants in dwarf dense planting treatment increased by 117.4%， the tree height decreased by 71.1%， the height under branches was low， and the total number of branches decreased slightly， but the number of branches of grade 5 and above increased significantly， and the quality of fresh leaves was significantly improved. There was a significant difference in the total fresh leaf quality of a single plant at the level of 0.05 and the fresh leaf quality of a single area at the level of 0.01.The standing picking rate of dwarf dense planting stand was 100%， while that of CK was only 30.4%-31.5%. The picking speed of dwarf dense planting treatment was more than 3 times higher than that of CK treatment.[Conclusion]The dwarf dense planting technique has good management effect and can be popularized in appropriate areas.

Key words ?Lithocarpus polystachyus ;Dwarf dense planting;Operating effect;Fresh leaf quality

基金項(xiàng)目 福建省林業(yè)廳科研項(xiàng)目“多穗柯甜茶葉用林經(jīng)營(yíng)技術(shù)研究”（閩林科便函〔2018〕26號(hào)）。

作者簡(jiǎn)介 廖朝暉（1975—），男，福建建寧人，工程師，從事森林培育及林業(yè)科學(xué)技術(shù)研究。

鳴? 謝 感謝福建省建寧國(guó)有林場(chǎng)劉敬灶、蔡世鋒等林業(yè)技術(shù)人員給予悉心指導(dǎo)和大力支持。

收稿日期 2021-04-29

多穗柯（ Lithocarpus polystachyus ?Rehd）為殼斗科喬木樹種，是中亞熱帶常綠闊葉林組成樹種之一。多穗柯枝葉含有豐富的黃酮類物質(zhì)，是我國(guó)傳統(tǒng)的藥理保健植物，具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗過敏以及抗腫瘤、降脂等功效[1-3]。葉片中二氫查耳酮含量高達(dá)12.0%[4]。二氫查耳酮甜度高，但無熱值或低熱值，無毒副作用，是糖尿病和心血管病人可食用的甜味劑[5]，因此成為優(yōu)良的天然甜味劑[6]。多穗柯是當(dāng)今許多國(guó)家尋找的茶、糖、藥三合一的第三代新茶源[4，7]，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景和潛在的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。多穗柯與大多數(shù)殼斗科植物相似，屬于合軸式生長(zhǎng)的枝系[8]，具有較明顯的主干，樹體較高大，相對(duì)枝葉量較少，采摘也不方便。在經(jīng)營(yíng)密度上，閩西北用材林造林株行距一般為（1.8～2.0） m×（1.8～2.0） m，而生產(chǎn)鮮葉質(zhì)量為主的栽培模式往往采取矮化密植的技術(shù)措施，至于針對(duì)如何選擇經(jīng)營(yíng)密度有待研究。