重慶最早的中共黨組織誕生地“中法學(xué)校”

The former site of Sino-French School? The birthplace of the earliest CPC organization in Chongqing

在重慶渝中區(qū)大溪溝街道人和街社區(qū)蒲草田，保留著的一棟中西式磚木結(jié)構(gòu)的二層小樓—中法學(xué)校舊址。硬山屋頂、灰瓦黃墻，在周圍一片高樓的映襯下，顯得格外低調(diào)。小樓旁的院墻上，一塊塊文化展板書寫著這棟小樓輝煌的過去。

這棟存世百年的小樓，是中國共產(chǎn)黨在重慶的第一所干部培訓(xùn)學(xué)校，一大批優(yōu)秀的共產(chǎn)黨員從這里走出去：吳玉章、楊闇公、冉鈞、周貢植、任白戈、范長江……

盡管這所學(xué)校當(dāng)時(shí)只存在了短短一年半時(shí)間，但和這所學(xué)校有關(guān)的黨史名人卻影響深遠(yuǎn)。重慶最早的中共黨組織—中共重慶支部就誕生在這里，是中國共產(chǎn)黨在重慶的發(fā)源地，中法學(xué)校也因此具有重要的歷史地位和價(jià)值。

據(jù)渝中區(qū)文管所資料顯示，中法學(xué)校舊址原名懋園。1925年8月，吳玉章受中共中央派遣回四川工作，為了更有效培養(yǎng)革命干部，決定在重慶籌建一所干部培訓(xùn)學(xué)校—中法學(xué)校。他的想法得到了楊闇公和冉鈞的一致贊同。后來，他們租下大溪溝譚家花園和懋園的一部分作為校本部，又在附近居民樓租了一些房子作為宿舍。因該校有大學(xué)部，故又稱為“中法大學(xué)”。

1925年9月4日，中法學(xué)校正式開學(xué)，吳玉章任校長，聘請了楊洵、冉鈞、周貢植、李嘉仲、肖清華、童庸生等中共黨員和留學(xué)歸國的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家漆南薰任教師。學(xué)校吸納了一大批進(jìn)步青年，最初有學(xué)生200余人，到1926年春季增加到400人，1927年開學(xué)時(shí)已達(dá)1000余人。學(xué)校以“造就革命的、為共產(chǎn)主義社會奮斗的人才”為目的，宣傳馬克思主義思想，激發(fā)學(xué)生的反帝反封建愛國熱情，呈現(xiàn)出生機(jī)勃勃的革命景象。中法學(xué)校由此站在時(shí)代的前列，成為重慶學(xué)生運(yùn)動的中堅(jiān)力量和四川革命斗爭的重要陣地。

1926年1月，冉鈞、周貢植、繆云淑在中法學(xué)校成立重慶最早的中共黨組織—中共重慶支部。同年2月下旬，在此成立首個(gè)中共重慶地委—中國共產(chǎn)黨重慶地方執(zhí)行委員會，楊闇公當(dāng)選為第一任書記。

1927年重慶“三·三一”慘案后不久，中法學(xué)校被反動勢力搗毀被迫停辦，楊闇公英勇就義。但中法學(xué)校的學(xué)生卻如星星之火分散全國，為中國和四川的大革命運(yùn)動培養(yǎng)了一大批骨干力量。

作為重慶市文物保護(hù)單位，現(xiàn)存的中法學(xué)校的校長樓部分在渝中區(qū)特色老社區(qū)打造中進(jìn)行了修繕。2021年4月23日，中法學(xué)校舊址布展中共重慶支部史實(shí)陳列展正式對外開放。

展覽由“馬克思主義在重慶的傳播”“中法學(xué)校的誕生”以及“重慶最早黨支部之一成立”三個(gè)單元組成。采用“圖文+場景復(fù)原+多媒體”的形式，在現(xiàn)有的史料基礎(chǔ)上，經(jīng)過嚴(yán)格考證，全面展示重慶中法學(xué)校創(chuàng)立、中共重慶支部建立、中共重慶地方執(zhí)行委員會成立以及領(lǐng)導(dǎo)重慶地區(qū)革命斗爭的光輝歷程，深切緬懷革命先輩，探尋光輝足跡，感悟創(chuàng)業(yè)艱辛，繼承和發(fā)揚(yáng)革命先驅(qū)的光榮傳統(tǒng)。

中法學(xué)校開啟了黨在重慶的偉大事業(yè)，它所播撒的革命火種不斷傳播、發(fā)展，在推動中國革命和建立新中國的征途中，綻放出了熾熱耀眼的光芒。如今，中法學(xué)校舊址被越來越多的人所了解，不少單位組織到此參觀學(xué)習(xí)，在史料文字、照片中，踏尋著英雄足跡，傳承革命先輩的紅色精神。

（部分資料由渝中區(qū)大溪溝街道提供）

編輯/賀煜

In Pucaotan， Renhe Street Community， Daxigou street， Yuzhong District， Chongqing stands a small two-storey building with Chinese and Western style in its brick and wood structure - the former site of Sino-France School. The flush gable roofs， grey tiles and yellow walls are particularly understated against the high-rise buildings in the surrounding areas. On the courtyard walls adjacent to the small building， blocks of cultural bulletin boards murmur the glorious past of the small building.

This century-old building is the first cadre training school of the Communist Party of China in Chongqing （CPC）. A myriad of outstanding CPC members was cultivated here： Wu Yuzhang， Yang Angong， Ran Jun， Zhou Gongzhi， Ren Baige， Fan Changjiang， ect.

Though the School existed for only a year and a half， many Party history celebrities related to the school exerted a far-reaching impact. CPC Chongqing Branch， the earliest CPC organization in Chongqing， was born here. As the birthplace of the CPC in Chongqing， Sino-French School， therefore， boasts an important historical status and value.

According to Cultural Relics Management Office of Yuzhong District， the former site of Sino-French School was originally named Maoyuan. In August 1925， Wu Yuzhang was sent back to work in Sichuan by the CPC Central Committee. In order to effectively train revolutionary cadres， Wu decided to set up a cadre training school in Chongqing， namely Sino-French School. His idea was unanimously agreed by Yang Angong and Ran Jun. Later， they rented parts of Tan's Garden and Maoyuan in Daxigou as the main campus of the School， and some rooms in nearby residential buildings as dormitories. As the School had a university department， it was also known as "Sino-French University".

On September 4， 1925， the Sino-French School officially opened. Wu Yuzhang served as the president and hired Yang Xun， Ran Jun， Zhou Gongzhi， Li Jiazhong， Xiao Qinghua， Tong Yongsheng and other CPC members， and Qi Nanxun， an economist returning from overseas study， as teachers. The School attracted a large number of progressive youth. At first， there were over 200 students， then the number of students increased to 400 in the spring of 1926， and surged to 1，000-plus in 1927 upon school opening. Aiming at "cultivating revolutionary talent for the Communist society"， the School publicized Marxism to stimulate students' patriotic enthusiasm against imperialism and feudalism， presenting a vibrant revolutionary outlook. Thus， Sino-French School stood in the forefront of the times and became the backbone of the student movement in Chongqing and a stronghold in the revolutionary cause of Sichuan.

In January 1926， Ran Jun， Zhou Gongzhi and Miao Yunshu established the earliest CPC organization in Chongqing， namely the CPC Chongqing Branch here. In late February of the same year， the first CPC Chongqing Prefectural Committee - the local executive council of CPC Chongqing Committee was established with Yang Angong elected as the first secretary.

Shortly after the March 31 Massacre in Chongqing in 1927， the Sino-French School was destroyed by the reactionary forces and forced to close. Yang Anong was executed. The students of Sino-French School， scattering across the country， however， turned into the massive backbone force for the great revolutionary movement in China and Sichuan.

As a key cultural relics protection unit in Chongqing， the former site of the Principal Building of the Sino-French School has been renovated in building characteristic old communities in Yuzhong District. On April 23， 2021， the Historical Facts Exhibition of the CPC Chongqing Branch held in Sino-French School was officially opened to the public.

The exhibition consists of three units： "the Spread of Marxism in Chongqing"， "the Birth of the Sino-French School" and "The Establishment of One of the Earliest Party Branches in Chongqing". In the form of "photo and text + scene restoration + multimedia"， based on the existing historical materials and through strict textual research， the exhibition comprehensively showcases the glorious journey of the establishment of Chongqing Sino-French School， the CPC Chongqing Branch and local executive council of CPC Chongqing Committee and leading the revolutionary struggle in Chongqing， deeply cherishing the memory of revolutionary forefathers， retrieving their footprints and perceiving the hardships of entrepreneurship， inheriting and carrying forward the fine tradition of revolutionary vanguards.

The Sino-French School has opened the great cause of the Party in Chongqing. The revolutionary seeds it planted have been continuously spread and developed， and has bloomed into a fiery and dazzling light on the journey of promoting the Chinese revolution and establishing the New China. Today， more and more people are aware of the former site of the Sino-French School. Many units come here to visit and study in order to follow the trails of heroes and inherit the red spirit of the revolutionary forefathers in historical text and photo materials.

（Partial data are provided by Daxigou Street， Yuzhong District）

Editor/He Yu