守護糧食食品安全，全球攜手在行動——專欄主持：Rudolf Krska教授/原國際真菌毒素學會主席1,2

（1. 奧地利維也納自然資源與生命科學大學，農業生物技術學院，生物分析與農業代謝研究所，奧地利·維也納·圖爾恩；2. 英國貝爾法斯特女王大學，生物科學學院，全球食品安全研究所，英國北愛爾蘭，貝爾法斯特）

確保全球人口日益增長對糧食及食物供應的安全保障已經迫在眉睫。然而，農業和食品工業仍然容易遭受微生物和化學污染物污染問題，包括獸醫藥品和由植物、藻類特別是真菌產生的天然毒素。全球變暖[1]的和極端天氣事件使得這些有毒代謝物的發生，包括真菌的各種有毒次生代謝物——即“真菌毒素”——變得更加不可預測。據估計，全球多達80%的植物源食品被真菌毒素污染[2]。因此，仍然需要為食品和飼料產業鏈上的農民和食品加工商提供負擔得起和實用的工具，以有效地減少作物、飼料和食品被真菌毒素污染的風險。

There is a massive and urgent need to ensure the safety and security of the grains and foods supply of the world′s growing population. However, agriculture and food industries continue to be vulnerable to problems of contamination with microbial and chemical contaminants including veterinary drugs and natural toxins produced by plants, algae and particularly by fungi. Global warming[1]and extreme weather events make the occurrence of these toxic metabolites,including a wide range of toxic secondary metabolites of fungi - so called mycotoxins - even more unpredictable. Up to 80% of food items of plant origin worldwide are estimated to be contaminated with mycotoxins[2]. Hence, affordable and practical tools for farmers and food processors along the food and feed chain are still required to efficiently reduce the risk of mycotoxin contamination of crops, feeds and foods.

2016-2020年，我很榮幸作為項目負責人組織了一個為期四年的歐盟項目——“我的工具箱（MyToolBox）”[3]，旨在開發一些新方法工具和增強現有方法工具的有效性能。這個項目有一些很重要的中國合作伙伴，如國家糧食和物資儲備局科學研究院、中國農業科學研究院、Romer Labs中國公司等。該聯合研究確定了歐盟和中國未來在真菌毒素研究和管理方面的方向及其在中歐關系中的作用[3]。顯然，世界各地仍然需要改良的綜合戰略來解決真菌毒素問題，以獲得更安全的食品和飼料，并盡量減少損失和出口貿易時的駁回。這些措施包括生物控制、預測、取樣和分析、筒倉管理、脫毒，以及開發一些其他被污染物料的安全使用方案?；谖遗c我的中國合作伙伴在食品安全及監管保障和真菌毒素管理方面富有成效的合作，2021年2月，我很高興接受譚洪卓博士邀請，為頗具影響力的《糧油食品科技》期刊（中國北京）共同主持組織、共同編輯這一期特約專欄。

Developing new tools and enhancing existing ones was the mission of MyToolBox[3]- a four-year EU-project which I had the pleasure to coordinate from 2016 till 2020. The project included important Chinese partners, such as the Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration (ASAG), the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS) and ROMER LABS China. The joint research performed identified future directions in mycotoxin research and management in the EU and in China and its role in China-EU relations[3]. Clearly, improved and integrated strategies to address the mycotoxin issue are still needed around the world to attain safer food and feed, and to minimize losses and export rejections.Measures include biocontrol, forecasting, sampling and analysis, silo management, detoxification, and the development of safe use options for contaminated materials. Based on the fruitful cooperations I have been having with my Chinese partners in the area of food safety, food security and mycotoxin management, I was very delighted when Dr.Tan Hongzhuo asked me, in February 2021, to co-organize and co-edit a special issue for the well-known Journal ofScience and Technology of Cereals, Oils, Foods, Beijing, China.

在本期特刊中，我們為讀者展示了9篇論文（3篇來自中國，5篇來自歐洲，1篇來自尼日利亞，共有48位文章作者來自中國、奧地利等14個國家），內容涉及處理糧食和食品中化學污染物的發生、控制、分析和減少，重點尤其是霉菌毒素和獸藥。我要衷心感謝為這期特刊做出貢獻的頂級科學家們，由于全球新冠疫情一直在肆虐，在這充滿挑戰的特殊時期，他們為之付出的努力更是難能可貴。這也讓我感到自豪和高興，特為此專欄貢獻撰寫一篇論文：我和我的合著者批判性地討論了食品和飼料產業鏈中生物毒素的早期預警、監測和毒性評估所面臨的挑戰和解決方案，希望能激勵廣大讀者考慮到食品中生物毒素這個高度跨學科領域來工作，并進一步開發創新的、有效的解決方案來緩解這個問題（閱讀全文詳見P1-P15)。

In this special issue we present 9 papers (3 from China, 5 from Europe and 1 from Nigeria, the 48 authors coming from 14 countries including China, Austria, etc.) dealing with the occurrence, control,analysis and reduction of chemical contaminants in grains and foods with a special emphasis on mycotoxins and veterinary drugs. The contributing top scientists who have contributed to this special issue are greatly acknowledged. Their efforts are even more appreciated in this challenging time due to the pandemic the world has been facing. It makes me proud and happy to also contribute a paper to this collection:my co-authors and I critically discuss the challenges and solutions in the early warning, monitoring and toxicity assessment of biotoxins in the food and feed chain which hopefully inspires readers to consider working in the highly interdisciplinary field of biotoxins in food and to further develop innovative and efficient solutions to mitigate this issue(See the article in P1-P15).

我們優秀的中國同仁，來自中國北京的國家食品安全風險評估中心楊大進研究員、楊欣研究員和Romer Labs中國公司的周旌總經理，為我們提供洞察中國“十三五”計劃期間真菌毒素監測的發展，且成功采用了分析方法測定多種霉菌毒素（閱讀詳見P106-P110）。

Our distinguished Chinese colleagues professor Dajin YANG,professor Xin YANG and general manager Jing ZHOU from the National Centre for Food Safety Risk Assessment and ROMER LABS China Ltd. in Beijing, China, provide us with insights into the development of mycotoxin surveillance in China during the 13th five year plan in which they successfully employed an analytical method for the determination of multiple mycotoxins (See the article in P106-P110).

來自國家糧食和物資儲備局科學研究院（中國北京）的王松雪研究員、李森助理研究員及其同事們，也是“我的工具箱（MyToolBox）”[3]項目的關鍵合作伙伴，對中歐共同努力開發的減少真菌毒素綜合管理系統進行了全面概述，為我們提供這種系統在中國應用的前景 （文章詳見P111-P118）。

Professor Songxue WANG, research assistant Sen LI and their colleagues from the Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration in Beijing, China, who were crucial partners within the project MyToolBox[3]give us a great overview of this joint EU-China effort to develop an integrated management system for mycotoxin reduction and provide us with a prospect on the application of such a system in China (See the article in P111-P118).

Romer Lab無錫實驗室的張大偉高工、江南大學楊海麟教授等研究了玉米中隱蔽性新型真菌毒素的發生，發現了隱蔽性鐮刀菌真菌毒素和新型真菌毒素白僵菌素和串珠鐮刀菌素的高檢出率（詳見P119-P130）。

Senior engineer Dawei ZHANG from Romer Labs Analytical Service (Wuxi) Co.,Ltd., China, professor Hailin YANG from Jiangnan University and co-authors studied the occurrence of masked and emerging mycotoxins in maize and revealed a high prevalence of masked Fusarium mycotoxins and of the emerging mycotoxins beauvericin and moniliform (See the article in P119-P130).

Naresh Magan教授/高級理學博士（DSc），“我的工具箱（MyToolBox）”[3]項目中另一位業界知名的合作伙伴，及其團隊成員Kalliopi Mylona助理研究員和Angel Medina博士，均來自英國克蘭菲爾德大學。他們描述了對自然儲存的土耳其帶殼榛子非常令人感興趣的研究結果，旨在不同溫度和水分可用性下量化呼吸速率、干物質損失和黃曲霉毒素B1污染情況（閱讀詳見P16-P28）。英國克蘭菲爾德大學的Yousef Sultan副教授和Naresh Magan教授/高級理學博士（DSc）還共同研究了使用氣體臭氧體外處理控制儲存埃及帶殼花生中黃曲霉和黃曲霉毒素B1的潛力（文章詳見P29-P45）。

Professor Naresh Magan (DSc), another well-known MyToolBox[3]project partner and his team (research assistant Kalliopi Mylona and Dr. Angel Medina) from Cranfield University, U.K.,describe the outcome of their highly interesting study on naturally stored shelled Turkey’s hazelnuts with the aim to quantify respiration rates, dry matter losses and aflatoxin B1contamination at different temperatures and water availabilities (See the article in P16-P28). At the same university, associate professor Yousef Sultan and professor Naresh Magan (DSc) studied the potential of gaseous ozone treatment for the control of A. flavus and a flatoxin B1in vitro in stored Egyptian shelled peanuts (See the article in P29-P45).

本期特刊也考慮了來自學術界和工業界研究成果的結合。這就是為什么我們要特別感謝Paula Alvito高級研究員等人，以及來自意大利百味來（Barilla）中心研究實驗室的資深研究作者Michele Suman兼職教授，他們也同意為本期專欄做出積極貢獻，并撰文與我們慷慨分享他們在歐洲和東南亞食品加工過程中緩解霉菌毒素方面的經驗（閱讀全文詳見P46-P70）。

The purpose of this special issue was also to combine research findings from both the academia and industry. This is why we are particularly thankful to senior researcher Paula Alvito et al. and senior author adjunct professor Michele Suman from the Barilla Central Research Laboratories (Italy) who have kindly agreed to also contribute to this topical collection and to share generously with us their experience in the mitigation of mycotoxins during food processing in Europe and South East Asia (See the article in P46-P70).

在真菌毒素暴露接觸方面，撒哈拉以南非洲是世界上受影響最嚴重的地理區域之一。這就是為什么我們很高興邀請了另一篇相關論文的合作，討論了在尼日利亞市售的灌木芒果、腰果、秋葵、芝麻和高粱的真菌毒素污染情況。該文由尼日利亞納薩拉瓦州立大學Isaac M. Ogara副教授和尼日利亞巴布科克大學Chibundu N.Ezekiel教授等人合著（詳見P71-P92）。

In relation to mycotoxin exposure, Sub-Sahara Africa is one of the most affected geographical areas world-wide. This is why we are glad to include another relevant paper which discusses the mycotoxin contamination of bush mango, cashew nuts, okra, sesame and sorghum marketed in Nigeria. This article is co-authored by associate professor Isaac M. Ogara and professor Chibundu N. Ezekiel et al. from Nasarawa State University Keffi and Babcock University in Nigeria,respectively (See the article in P71-P92).

最后，本期特刊收官的是一篇關于獸藥的論文，這是一種極其異質的化合物。這就是為什么在開發一種基于液相色譜串聯質譜（LC-MS/MS）多分析物方法來測定這些殘基時，必須特別注意標準品（校準曲線）的穩定性。最后這篇論文由奧地利飼料與食品質量安全創新能力中心（FFoQSI）的Lidija Kenjeric碩士等人合著，其中英國貝爾法斯特女王大學全球食品安全研究所的創始人Chris Elliott教授是該文的高級研究作者（閱讀詳見P93-P105）。

Finally, this special issue is rounded off by a paper on veterinary drugs which are an extremely heterogeneous class of compounds.This is why special attention must be paid to the stability of standards(calibrants) when developing an LC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry) based multi-analyte method for the determination of these residues. The latter paper is (co-)authored by M.Sc. Lidija Kenjeric et al. from the FFoQSI Austrian Competence Centre for Feed and Food Quality, Safety and Innovation and the founder of the Institute for Global Food Security at Queen′s University Belfast, professor Chris Elliott who is senior author of this article (See the article in P93-P105).

我們要再次對各國專家學者們的付出表示深深感謝，感謝他們為本特刊提供了關于最近為改善糧食和食品安全保障所作的最新、最高質量的原創貢獻，并呈現了這個領域未來趨勢的全球總體情況。我們希望這些文章的匯集展現也能促進歐洲、中國和其他國家的進一步研究與合作。

We would like to express again our great gratitude to the contributors from various countries, thanks to them this special issue provides updated and high quality original contributions on recent efforts to improve the safety and security of grains and foods and provides a worldwide picture of future trends. We hope that the collection of these articles also stimulates further research and cooperations between Europe, China and other countries.

最后但并非最不重要的是，我們非常感謝譚洪卓博士、周旌先生、靳禎女士、王松雪博士、伍松陵研究員、任菲博士、葉金博士、吳宇女士、蔡娣女士和整個期刊編輯團隊的出色合作與支持，以及他們為所有英文文章翻譯成中文所做出的巨大努力。

Last but not least we are very thankful to Dr. Hongzhuo TAN,Mr. Jing ZHOU, Ms. Jane JIN, Dr. Songxue WANG, Prof. Songling WU, Dr. Fei REN , Dr. jin YE, Ms. Yu WU, Ms. Di CAI, and the entire editorial team of Journal for the fantastic cooperation, their support and the tremendous effort to translate all English contributions into Chinese.

——Rudolf Krska 于奧地利·維也納·圖爾恩

2021年9月19日

（英譯中：譚洪卓）

——Rudolf Krska, Tulln, Vienna, Austria

September 19, 2021

(Translated into Chinese by Hongzhuo TAN)