處理矛盾，化解情節沖突

浙江 彭文國

【問題導讀】

2020年教育部考試中心發布了《中國高考評價體系》和《中國高考評價體系說明》兩個文件。 文件明確了堅持高考立德樹人、引導教學的功能和方向。 文件明確提出了高考“一核”“四層”“四翼”的評價體系。 高考是立德樹人的“旗幟”、服務選才的“尺子”、引導教學的“方向”。在“怎么考”層面，文件明確提出了“基礎性、綜合性、應用性、創新性”四個層面，對考生進行綜合的考查。同時，文件要求將學科知識設計到情境中來考查考生的學科知識能力。 其中，應用性和創新性是選拔人才的主要標準之一。 在英語學科的考查中，應用性和創新性主要體現在讀后續寫中。讀后續寫要求考生能夠利用所學的知識，解決原文中預設的矛盾和沖突。 從近年的高考命題中，我們可以很清楚地看到這個趨勢。 那么，我們如何在讀后續寫中運用所學來處理矛盾、化解情節沖突呢？

【名師導學】

讀后續寫的原文主要陳述了故事的背景和發展，然后會提出問題，展示矛盾，而續寫的主要目的是處理矛盾、化解沖突。 那么，我們應該怎么進行思考呢？

1. 準確理解原文故事的主旨。 故事的發展一定有一條主線，作者設計故事的時候也一定有其目的。所續寫的故事一定要和原文故事相符，一定要符合作者寫此文的目的。 因此，準確理解原文是寫出合理的續寫的關鍵。

2. 利用“故事山”思維導圖的方式理清故事發展細節。 一個故事一般都會經歷“開始、發展、轉折、高潮、解決問題、結果”這樣一個過程。 如果我們心中有這樣的思維導圖，我們就會對原文的故事發展有準確、清晰的了解，對續寫有準確的思考。

3. 充分利用關鍵切入點來解決矛盾。 故事的設計到了高潮階段總有一個解決問題的著力點。 我們在續寫或解決問題時，一定要抓住并充分利用這個著力點。 只有這樣，我們才能很好地解決矛盾、化解情節沖突。在下面的“案例導引”中，解決問題的著力點就是父親的出現。 因此，在續寫第一段中解決問題的時候，一定要以此為轉折點。

【案例導引】

閱讀下面材料，根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續寫兩段，使之構成一篇完整的短文。The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day. How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed. They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge. They had watched their mother in the kitchen. There was nothing to it. Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.

A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE

The big day came at last. The alarm rang at 6 a.m. The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen. They decided to boil the porridge first. They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast. Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk. Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture. Next, Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan. Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread. The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds. Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread. This time, she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.

Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake. The next minute, the porridge boiled over and put out the fire. Jenna panicked. Thankfully,Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly. But the stove was a mess now. Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge. But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain. Jenna made him put his hand in cold water. Then she caught the smell of burning. Oh dear! The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well. （選文來自2021年新高考Ⅰ卷）

注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。

As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.

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The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.

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1. 故事發展脈絡

2. 解決矛盾：續寫任務1

原文很好地展示了故事發展的背景、 發展的過程以及矛盾和問題的具體情況。 那么， 接下來要做的就是解決矛盾。 根據續寫第一段的段首句 “As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared.”可知，解決這個問題需要父親的幫助。 因此，本段應該描述的是孩子們如何在父親的幫助下完成了他們的目標。

3. 結果: 續寫任務2

根據續寫第二段的段首句 “The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.”可知，孩子們順利地完成了他們的目標，并將他們的勞動成果帶到了媽媽那里。媽媽的反應是什么樣的？孩子們的感受怎么樣？這就是續寫的第二個任務。因此，續寫第二段應該描述孩子們辛苦準備的禮物的結果，也就是解決矛盾后的令人滿意的結果。

4. 范文賞析

As the twins looked around them in disappointment, their father appeared. Seeing their father, the twins breathed a sigh of relief finally. Under the guidance of their father,they started all the work again quickly. This time all the things moved so smoothly.Father directed them how to control the fire, which was the key to success. The twins worked together in perfect order, delighted and excited. Minutes later, a delicious breakfast was ready. How happy they were!

The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up. When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her, she was so happy. It was not only the gift, but the love of the children for her that moved her very much. At the moment, what filled her heart was just happiness and love. The children said loudly,“Happy Mother's Day! ” Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again with tears in her eyes.

范文充分利用了“父親出現”這個著力點。 在續寫的第一段，范文使用了the twins breathed a sigh of relief finally、Under the guidance of their father、Father directed them how to control the fire, which was the key to success等句子，使矛盾的解決有了有力的支點，從而順利地解決了矛盾，化解了情節沖突。

同時， 在文字層面， 范文使用了breathed a sigh of relief、under the guidance of、in perfect order、delighted and excited、what filled her heart was、It was not only...but the love of the children for her that moved her very much等高級詞匯和句子，這些表達使文章不僅問題解決得合理，文字也很優美。

【模擬導練】

閱讀下面短文，根據所給情節進行續寫，使之構成一個完整的故事。

The Meredith family lived in a small community. As the economy was in decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs. Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet. People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.

Mrs Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman. She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor. She knew they had problems, and they needed all kinds of help. When she had time, she would bring food and medicine to them.

One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed, his wife, who took care of him and could not go out to work,and their little boy.The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much.

“I wish you could see him,” she said to her own children, John, Harry and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother. He wants very much to earn some money, but I don't see what he can do.”

After their mother left the room, the children sat thinking about Bernard. “I wish we could help him to earn money,” said Clara. “His family is suffering so much.”

“So do I,” said Harry. “We really should do something to assist them.”

For some moments, John said nothing, but suddenly, he sprang to his feet and cried,“I have a great idea! I have a solution that we can all help accomplish (完成).”

The other children also jumped up. When John had an idea, it was sure to be a good one. “I'll tell you what we can do,” said John. “You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us? Well, we can make popcorn (爆米花), and put it into paper bags. And Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”

注意：續寫詞數應為150左右。

When Mrs Meredith heard of John's idea, she thought it was a good one, too.

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With everything ready, Bernard started out on his new business.

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【評價導思】

1. 請你設計一個本文故事的“故事山”思維導圖。

2. 本文設計的矛盾是什么？

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3. 本文續寫的著力點是什么？

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