如何使高考英語讀后續寫的語言生動豐富

黃杏茹

根據廣東省2021屆高考英語評卷中對讀后續寫部分的評分原則，第五檔（21～25分）要求學生的續寫“創造了豐富、合理的內容，富有邏輯性，續寫完整，與原文情境融洽度高。使用了多樣并且恰當的詞匯和語法結構，可能有個別小錯，但完全不影響理解。有效地使用了語句間銜接手段，全文結構清晰，意義連貫。”

在語言方面，“多樣并且恰當的詞匯和語法結構”是指：1.同一詞意的用詞不同表達。2.同義句的多樣化表達。3.同一成分的不同表達形式。為貼合評分原則、寫出高分續寫，考生必須重視語言的豐富性、多樣性，要寫得準確、地道、貼切、鮮活。

第一，使用多樣并且恰當的詞匯，做好同一詞意的用詞不同表達。詞匯和語言的積累是提高讀后續寫能力的基礎。學生只有腦中儲備足夠數量的詞匯，才能保證在運用時隨意支取，使續寫語言準確、地道、生動。讀后續寫的遣詞造句須從語境考慮，在幾個可用的詞中選出最恰當、最得體的詞，把所要表達的意思恰如恰如其分地表達出來。具體用哪個最恰當，要根據具體的情況，仔細斟酌，反復推敲。例如，“說”就有十分豐富的詞匯，包括：補充說add，重復地說repeat，聊天chat with sb，通知某事inform sb.of sth，宣布某事announce/declare，告訴某人tell sb.sth.，小聲地說whisper/murmur，安慰某人comfort sb，解釋說explain，抱怨說complain，嘆息說sigh，回應說respond to，懇求說plead，插話put in，脫口而出blurt out等等，學生備考時注意積累，而不是一味只用“say”，語言的等次自然就得到了提升。

第二，同義句的多樣化表達。要重視句式變化和英文的習慣表達，包括倒裝句、省略句、強調句、復合句、非謂語動詞、副詞或介詞短語等等。考生平時可以從知名網站和BBC等原版報紙或期刊中摘錄英語句式的地道表達。例如，“他一看到兔子就追了過去。”英語句式可以多種多樣：No sooner had he caught sight of the rabbit than he rushed after it. / Hardly had he caught sight of the rabbit when he rushed after it. / The moment he caught sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. / On catching sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. / At the sight of the rabbit， he rushed after it. 又如，表示“笑/開心”，留心觀察、積累，就又非常豐富的表達方式：

The little girl returned me a sweet smile， her tinkling laughter filling the air. / Hearing this， Aram jumped up in happiness， with his eyes sparkling like shining stars. /The air was rich with happiness and kindness. /A surge of ecstasy welling up inside me， I dashed to knock at his window. / A flood of joy surging from the bottom of my heart， I agreed at once with a bright smile spreading across my cheeks./ Imagining the girl’s response when she saw her dream come true， Heiss wore a shining smile on his face all the way.

第三，同一成分的不同表達形式。要熟悉基本句子結構，以及不同的句子成分的表達形式，包括：主語/賓語/表語可以是名詞、代詞、動名詞、不定式、主語從句等，狀語可以是副詞、介詞短語、非謂語動詞、狀語從句等等。同學們平時要多做句型轉換。例如，狀語：Suddenly， he found a stream. / All of a sudden， he found a stream. / Though he was tired， he never thought of giving up. / Though tired， he never thought of giving up. / Tired as he was， he never thought of giving up./ Tired was， he never thought of giving up./ Despite his tiredness， he never thought of giving up. 又例如，主語：It occurred to her me that I had left my phone in the Uber car. / ?To get the hamburger still seemed inviting despite the stormy day./A clever idea struck me. / It proved practical and we satisfied our appetites.

實現詞匯和語法結構多樣性并讓語言生動豐富的方式有很多，學生要做學習的有心人，多讀、多看、多練、多記，才能有豐富的語料庫以供寫作時使用，提高高考英語續寫的語言能力。