辛涼解表驅邪氣

文/龐素銀

“溫者，火之氣也，自口鼻而入，內通于肺。”春季陽氣生發，又到了溫病容易流行的季節。風熱邪氣取道口鼻侵襲人體引起溫病，起病急驟、傳染性強。

"Warmth, theqiof fire, enters from the mouth and nose and into the lung." In spring, with the rise of yangqi, warm pathogen is easy to spread. The invasion of wind-heat pathogen from mouth and nose tends to cause warm disease, which is acute and infectious.

博采眾長Collective wisdom

清代吳鞠通是舉世公認的治療溫病的名醫圣手。相傳他1 9 歲時，父親患病臥床不起，四處求醫而無果，直至去世都不知所患何病。“父病不知醫，尚復何顏立天地間”，深受刺痛的吳鞠通，自此立下了棄儒學醫的志向。

Wu Jutong in the Qing Dynasty was a renowned doctor in the treatment of warm disease. Legend has it that when he was 19 years old, his father became ill and bedridden. He sought medical advice everywhere but failed. He did not know what his father was suffering from until his father died. Wu Jutong, who was deeply hurt by his father's illness and his failure to cure it. As a result, he decided to abandon Confucian and devote himself to medicine.

吳鞠通針對肆虐一時的溫病，潛心研究，博采眾長，在吸收吳又可《瘟疫論》、葉天士《溫熱論》等前人論著精華基礎上，形成了理法方藥完備的溫病辨治體系，撰成對后世影響極大的《溫病條辨》。廣為人知的銀翹散就出自其中，以療效顯著而名揚天下。

Wu Jutong became immersed in learning and collecting wisdom from others in order to seek the therapy for warm disease. On the basis of absorbing the essence of previous works such as Wu Youke's"On Plague"and Ye Tianshi's"On Warm and Heat Pathogen", he formed a complete dialectical therapy system for warm diseases, and wrote"Treatise on Differentiation and Treatment of Seasonal Febrile Diseases", which had a great influence on later generations. Yinqiao san powder, well-known prescription for warm diseases, came from it and was famous for its remarkable curative effect.

辛涼平劑Pungent-cool Prescription

銀翹散由10味藥組成，因用藥辛涼平和，吳鞠通稱之為“辛涼平劑”。

Yinqiao san powder consists of 10 traditional Chinese medicines and features pungent-cool but mild attribution, Wu Jutong called it "moderate pungentcool prescription".

全方以金銀花、連翹為君藥，辛涼透表且芳香辟穢，主清熱解毒；以薄荷、牛蒡子、荊芥穗、淡豆豉為臣藥，前兩味疏散風熱，后兩味解表散邪；以竹葉、蘆根、桔梗為佐，生津潤燥、開宣肺氣；甘草兼具佐使，既利咽止咳，又調和藥性。In the whole prescription, honeysuckle and forsythia are used as the monarch medicine,which have pungent-cool exterior-releasing effect and repel foulness with aromatics to clear heat and resolve toxin. Peppermint, burdock seed, schizonepeta spike and tempeh are used as the minister medicine. Peppermint and burdock seed dispel wind and heat from the body while schizonepeta spike and tempeh have the effect of exterior-releasing and dispelling pathogen.Bamboo leaves and reed root are used as the assistant medicine which have the effect of promoting salivation; moistening dryness and ventilating lungqi. Licorice is used as the guide medicine which has the effect of relieving pharynx and cough and reconciling medicines mentioned above.

三焦辨證Three Jiao syndrome differentiation

銀翹散能夠顯著改善溫病初期的頭痛、咳嗽、咽痛口渴等病癥，該方嚴格遵循《溫病條辨》首創的“三焦辨證”學說“治上焦如羽，非輕不舉”原則，用藥清輕宣散。比如，煎藥時間短，煮沸后5 min～10 min即可，取清輕之藥肅上焦之邪；服用少而頻，“寧可再服、不可重劑”，以劑量控制藥力恰達病位；可隨證加減，衍生出多個變方。

Yinqiao san powder can significantly relieve symptoms in the early stage of warm disease including headache, cough, pharyngeal pain and thirst. The prescription strictly follows the theory of "Three Jiao syndrome differentiation"which was created by"Treatise on Differentiation and Treatment of Seasonal Febrile Diseases".The prescription follows the principle that the prescription for diseases in upper-jiao should be of small dose. For example, the decocting time is to be short within five to ten minutes after boiling. Small dose dispels pathogen in upper-jiao.Take less and frequently and "would rather take again, than heavy agent". The dose of medicine is controlled precisely just up to the curative effect.The dose can be added and subtracted along with the symptom and derive a number of variations.

時至今日，在流感、扁桃體炎、咽喉炎、肺炎、腮腺炎等疾病的初期治療中，銀翹散仍然被廣泛使用。

Nowadays, Yinqiao san powder is still widely used in the initial treatment of influenza, tonsillitis,pharyngitis, pneumonia, mumps and other diseases.

結 語Conclusion

“無開門揖盜之弊，有輕以去實之能”。銀翹散被譽為外感溫病第一方，其標準密碼在于“辛涼解表”四個字，選藥、煎煮、服用之法皆利在上焦，充分彰顯了三焦辨證、緊扣病機的治病原則。

Yinqiao san powder prevents invasion of pathogen and can treat warm diseases in small dose. The prescription is known as the first choice of therapy for warm diseases.The standard password of the prescription is"Pungent-cool and exterior-releasing". The methods of drug selection, decocting and serving are all beneficial to upper-jiao, which fully demonstrates the principle of "Three Jiao syndrome differentiation" according to the pathogenesis.