英語寫作，如何從“寥寥數(shù)筆”到“筆酣墨暢”？

黃馥

你在寫英語寫作中，會不會常常遇到這樣的情況，只寫了跟主題相關(guān)的寥寥幾句，就寫不出來了。老師一再跟你強(qiáng)調(diào)，英文寫作要滿足詞數(shù)要求，不然得分不高。你也知道詞數(shù)太少的要害，可是你總是覺得無話可說;或是有時鉚足了勁，寫出一些句子湊詞數(shù)，卻是上句不搭下句，毫無邏輯。

例如，“How to study Chinese”的主題，你寫了一段話：There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese.

在這個段落里，你介紹了學(xué)習(xí)漢語的方法，寫作內(nèi)容出來了，可就是太簡單，怎么辦呢？怎樣填補(bǔ)內(nèi)容，讓詞數(shù)多起來又意思順暢？

不急，學(xué)會以下兩個方法，你的英語寫作就可以語境豐滿，內(nèi)容充實，邏輯連貫。這兩個方法就是補(bǔ)充法和強(qiáng)調(diào)法。

第一，補(bǔ)充法

當(dāng)我們寫了一個句子表達(dá)了某個觀點之后，可以繼續(xù)就這個觀點的意思進(jìn)行內(nèi)容補(bǔ)充，讓意思更具體，可以嘗試從以下四方面進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充：

1. 補(bǔ)充解釋

對前面句子里的某個詞語進(jìn)行解釋，讓意思明白清楚。如：

I used to win the first place in the English Speaking Competition.

可以加上同位語對“English Speaking Competition”做進(jìn)一步解釋：I used to win the first place in the English Speaking Competition， an important English event in our school.

又如：I love the Humor Column most.

可以加上定語從句對“Humor Column”做出介紹：I love the Humor Column most， in which many jokes and cartoons could be read.

2. 補(bǔ)充例子

給出與前面句子陳述的情況相關(guān)的具體例子或列舉前面句子提到的某類事物的具體事物，使表述具體形象。

例如：My father is hardworking.

可以增加具體的例子對來描述my father是如何的hardworking：My father is hardworking. He usually gets up early to work and comes back home late.

又如：You could take some gifts.

可以用such as或for example，for instance對“some gifts”進(jìn)行具體羅列：You could take some gifts， such as tea and wine.或者You could take some gifts. For example， fruit is a good choice. 或者You could take some gifts， for instance， some snacks.

3. 補(bǔ)充因果

給前面句子的內(nèi)容添上原因或結(jié)果，增加觀點的說服力。

例如：Limit our time on online learning.

可以用因果關(guān)系說明“l(fā)imit our time on online learning”的作用：Limit the time we study on the Internet because too much time on the Internet is bad for our eyes.或者Limit our time on online learning， and therefore， we won’t spend too much time on the Internet.

4. 補(bǔ)充作用

對句子里的某個關(guān)鍵詞或前面某個情況、建議或方法的功能、好處或目的作出說明，令其作用一目了然。如：

My favourite sport is playing football.

可以在后面加上“playing football”的好處：My favourite sport is playing football. Not only does it build up my body， but also I will have more chances to make more friends.

第二，強(qiáng)調(diào)法

除了對前面內(nèi)容進(jìn)行補(bǔ)充外，對其進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)也不失為一個增強(qiáng)語氣，渲染氛圍的好辦法，更重要的是，可以增加文章內(nèi)容和作文詞數(shù)。可以從以下兩個方面進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)：

1. 比喻強(qiáng)調(diào)

當(dāng)我們在給出具體建議，或強(qiáng)調(diào)某物重要性后，除了前面提到的補(bǔ)充法外，還可用比喻的修辭手法。該手法不僅能拓展寫作內(nèi)容，而且也能提升語言層次。

例如：Set a learning goal.

根據(jù)上面的補(bǔ)充法，可以補(bǔ)充“l(fā)earning goal”的作用：Set a learning goal， which could help you understand where your aim is.

此外，我們還可以使用比喻：Set a learning goal， for a goal is like a compass that points where you will head for.

又如：Honesty is very significant.

只是說honesty重要，顯得有點單薄，如果加一個比喻句，語言就會瞬間提升一個檔次：Honesty is very important. A society can’t progress without honesty as a plant can’t grow without sunlight.

2. 反向強(qiáng)調(diào)

如果在強(qiáng)調(diào)某物重要性時，無法表達(dá)其作用或使用比喻，可以試試反向強(qiáng)調(diào)，就是“沒這個事物，會怎樣……”，這樣思維又打開了一扇門，也使角度更獨(dú)特，表達(dá)更新穎。

例如：You should have courage to challenge the difficulties.

這個句子已經(jīng)講了courage的積極作用“challenge the difficulties”，怎樣繼續(xù)寫下去，來加強(qiáng)一下語氣？反向強(qiáng)調(diào)可以試試：You should have courage to challenge the difficulties. Without courage， you may lose the chance to succeed.

又如：Friendship is very important to us.

我們使用反向強(qiáng)調(diào)：Friendship is very important to us. Without friendship， the world seems to have lost the sun.

學(xué)了這些方法，我們再來看看前面關(guān)于“How to study Chinese”的表達(dá)：There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese.

嘗試使用補(bǔ)充法和強(qiáng)調(diào)法，讓這段文字語言豐富起來吧！

There are three ways to study Chinese. First of all， it is necessary to learn grammar， because Chinese grammar is different from English’s（補(bǔ)充原因）. Only with right grammar could you use Chinese in a right way（補(bǔ)充作用）. Secondly， you could watch Chinese TV programs， for example， Hello， China（補(bǔ)充例子）. It could tell you many Chinese cultures and customs（補(bǔ)充作用）. Finally， seize the chance to talk with a Chinese. Without practising speaking with a native， you never know how Chinese is used in real daily life（反向強(qiáng)調(diào)）.

請再看一段例子：

My mother is a housewife. She is kind. My mother loves me. She is important.

My mother is a housewife， who spends most of her time doing the housework everyday（補(bǔ)充解釋）. She is kind. Not only does she treat the family members well， but also she is friendly to the neighbors（補(bǔ)充解釋）. For example， she always helps them when they have trouble（補(bǔ)充例子）. My mother loves me. She always gives me the best and educates me（補(bǔ)充例子）. She is like the sun， giving me warmth（比喻強(qiáng)調(diào)）. She is important. Without her efforts， we couldn’t have a comfortable life（反向強(qiáng)調(diào)）.

責(zé)任編輯 蔣小青