董志強 杜少波 陳曉文 謝惠春
摘 要:藏茵陳是藏族藥物歷史悠久的八珍藏藥之一,具有清熱、解毒、清肝利膽的功效。藏茵陳分為獐牙菜屬、花錨屬、扁蕾屬等,其中川西獐芽菜、橢圓葉花錨、濕生扁蕾分別為其屬中最具有代表性的植物,藥效佳,受到了越來越多的歡迎。近年來,藥用植物在分子水平生物合成機制與調控、分子標記技術、次生代謝產物生物合成途徑(基于轉錄組測序技術)等方面的研究已然成為現如今分子水平研究中最活躍、最熱點的領域。該文通過查閱近年文獻,從生物合成分子機制與調控、分子標記技術、次生代謝產物生物合成途徑(基于轉錄組測序技術)等方面對3種典型藏茵陳植物(川西獐芽菜、橢圓葉花錨、濕生扁蕾)的研究進展進行了綜述與展望,為其今后在分子水平上相關機制的研究提供參考。
關鍵詞:獐牙菜;川西獐芽菜;橢圓葉花錨;濕生扁蕾;分子調控機制
中圖分類號 R282 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-7731(2022)11-0013-04
Research Progress on Molecular Level of Typical Original Plants of Tibetan Wormwood(Swertia mussotii, Halenia elliptica D. and Gentianopsis paludosa)
DONG Zhiqiang? ?DU Shaobo? ?CHEN Xiaowen? ?XIE Huichun
(Key Laboratory of Medicinal Plant and Animal Resources of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in Qinghai Province, Qinghai Normal Unversity, Xining 810008, China)
Abstract: Tibetan Herba Artemisiae Scopariae is one of the eight Tibetan medicines with a long history of Tibetan medicine, which has the effects of clearing away heat, detoxifying, clearing away liver and benefiting gallbladder. Tibetan Artemisia can be divided into Swertia, Anthurium and Flaveria, among which Swertia in western Swertia mussotii, Halenia elliptica D. and Gentianopsis paludosa are the most representative plants with the best efficacy, which have gained more and more popularity. In recent years, the research on molecular mechanism and regulation of biosynthesis in medicinal plants, molecular marker technology and biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites (based on transcriptome sequencing technology) have become the most active and hot fields in molecular level research. In this paper, the research progress of three typical Tibetan Artemisia plants (Swertia mussotii, Halenia elliptica D. and Gentianopsis paludosa) was summarized and prospected from three aspects, such as the research on molecular mechanism and regulation of biosynthesis, molecular marker technology, and biosynthetic pathway of secondary metabolites (based on transcriptome sequencing technology), so as to provide reference basis for the related mechanism research at molecular level in the future.
Key words: Swertia; Swertia mussotii; Halenia elliptica D.; Gentianopsis paludosa; Molecular regulation mechanism
藏茵陳,藏藥名“桑蒂”“蒂達”,始載于藏醫藥書《四部醫典》,具有清熱解毒、清肝利膽的功效,在歷代的藏醫藥著作如《晶珠本草》《鮮明注釋》等均有記載[1]。廣義的藏茵陳主要包括獐牙菜屬Sweriat、花錨屬Halellia、扁蕾屬Gentianopsis等[2]。其中,川西獐芽菜、橢圓葉花錨、濕生扁蕾是其各自屬屬中最具有代表性的植物,是藏茵陳入藥原植物中的主要植物,有關它們的化學成分組成、藥理作用方面的研究文獻報道數不勝數[3]。川西獐芽菜、橢圓葉花錨、濕生扁蕾均以全草入藥,味苦、性寒,均具有清熱利濕、平肝利膽作用,均是藏醫臨床治療肝膽疾病的常用藥物[4]。……