[摘要]目的探討基底外側杏仁核(BLA)微量注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動劑或拮抗劑對大鼠條件性味覺厭惡(CTA)情緒記憶獲取及提取的影響。方法成年雄性Wistar大鼠BLA埋管后隨機分為8組,實驗組分別于不同時間經BLA微量注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動劑(retigabine)或拮抗劑(XE-991),其對照組注射生理鹽水。采用CTA行為范式評價Kv7通道激動劑及拮抗劑對CTA情緒記憶獲取及提取的影響。結果訓練前注射retigabine組大鼠味覺厭惡指數較注射生理鹽水組大鼠明顯下降,差異有統計學意義(t=3.384,P<0.05);記憶提取前注射retigabine組大鼠味覺厭惡指數與注射生理鹽水組大鼠比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。訓練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠與注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比,味覺厭惡指數差異均無顯著性(P>0.05)。結論Kv7鉀離子通道的激活抑制CTA記憶獲取,該作用可能與降低BLA神經元興奮性有關。
[關鍵詞]鉀通道,電壓門控;基底外側核;情緒;記憶;大鼠
[中圖分類號]R338.2[文獻標志碼]A[文章編號]2096-5532(2023)03-0364-03
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.019[開放科學(資源服務)標識碼(OSID)]
[網絡出版]https://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20230303.1117.005.html;2023-03-0610:09:43
EFFECT OF KV7 CHANNEL ON CONDITIONED TASTE AVERSION MEMORY IN RATS GAO Shanshan, YANG Xin, FU Jiahao, SHAO Fei, ZHAI Hongxia, ZHOU Yu" (Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China)
[ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of microinjection of Kv7 channel agonist or antagonist into the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on the acquisition and retrieval of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats. MethodsAdult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups after BLA catheter embedding. The rats in experimental groups were given intra-BLA microinjection of Kv7 channel agonist (retigabine) or antagonist (XE-991), and those in control groups were given injection of normal saline. The CTA behavioral paradigm was used to evaluate the effect of Kv7 channel agonist or antagonist on the acquisition and retrieval of memory. ResultsCompared with the rats injected with normal saline, the rats injected with retigabine before CTA training had a significant reduction in taste aversion index (t=3.384,Plt;0.05), and there was no significant difference in taste aversion index between the rats injected with retigabine and those injected with normal saline before memory retrieval (Pgt;0.05). There was no significant difference in taste aversion index between the rats injected with XE-991 and those injected with normal saline before training and memory retrieval (Pgt;0.05). ConclusionKv7 channel activation inhibits the acquisition of CTA memory in rats, possibly by reducing BLA neuronal excitability.
[KEY WORDS]potassium channels, voltage-gated; basolateral nuclear complex; emotions; memory; rats
杏仁核由基底外側杏仁核(BLA)和中央杏仁核構成,是情緒學習和記憶最重要的腦結構。BLA的神經元回路對于情緒記憶的獲取、鞏固、提取和消退至關重要[1-4]。BLA神經元表達多種不同類型的受體,具有高度的可塑性。BLA腦區NMDA 受體依賴的突觸可塑性改變可能是情緒記憶獲取的關鍵[5-7]。KCNQ即Kv7是一種電壓依賴的鉀離子通道,它參與調節神經元的興奮性,在學習記憶、行為及感知覺功能調節中起到至關重要的作用[8-11]。抑制Kv7鉀離子通道可以通過增強突觸后動作電位爆發期間和之后的除極化促進NMDA受體開放,有助于誘導長時程增強的產生[12]。因此,我們猜測調控BLA腦區的KCNQ鉀離子通道可能會影響情緒記憶的多個進程,包括記憶的獲取、鞏固以及提取。本研究旨在利用藥理學方法和條件性味覺厭惡(CTA)行為范式,探討BLA Kv7鉀離子通道活動對大鼠味覺厭惡情緒記憶獲取和提取的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗材料
1.1.1實驗動物成年雄性Wistar大鼠,體質量280~320 g,購自中國濟寧綠康藥業實驗動物中心。大鼠于(21±2)℃恒溫、(50±10)%恒濕、12 h/12 h等長日夜循環光照條件下飼養,可自由進水、飲食。實驗開始前大鼠至少適應實驗室環境1周。本研究得到青島大學動物倫理委員會的批準。
1.1.2主要試劑 XE-911和retigabine購自英國TOCRIS公司;氯化鋰(LiCl)和甜味劑鄰苯甲酰磺酰亞胺鈉購于美國Sigma公司。
1.2BLA埋管
大鼠腹腔注射80 g/L的水合氯醛溶液5 mL/kg,待深度麻醉后將其固定于立體定位儀(瑞沃德)上,在顱骨正中頂端開口后剝離組織露出清晰的前囟,將長度為1.5 cm的不銹鋼外導管(22 gauge)放置于雙側BLA 區的上方(前囟后2.8 mm,左右旁開各5.2 mm,深度7.5 mm),用416膠和自凝牙托粉固定導管,并用不銹鋼內芯封閉導管,以免外部雜物堵塞導管。
1.3動物分組及局部微量注射
將埋管后大鼠隨機分為8組,實驗組分別于不同時間經BLA微量注射retigabine或XE-991,其對照組注射生理鹽水。微量注射器通過聚乙烯管與注射用內管相連接,注射用內管深入到BLA區域。實驗組使用微量蠕動泵以0.25 μL/min恒定流量將retigabine(5 μmol/L,每側0.75 μL)[13]或XE-991(1 μmol/L,每側0.75 μL)[14]緩慢注射到BLA中,對照組注射等量生理鹽水。給藥20~30 min后進行CTA實驗。
1.4CTA實驗
實驗開始前大鼠先禁水24 h,然后進行適應。在適應時,準備兩個裝有15 mL自來水的吸管,讓大鼠飲用10 min;兩管交換位置,再讓大鼠飲用10 min。每天定時進行適應,共適應4 d。第5天進行訓練,準備兩個相同的吸管,各裝有2 g/L的甜味劑15 mL,讓大鼠飲用10 min。20 min后腹腔注射100 mmol/L LiCl(2 mL,100 g),24 h后進行測試,測試前經埋管注射生理鹽水或retigabine或XE-991,觀察給藥對CTA記憶的影響。
用厭惡指數(AI)來定量評價CTA記憶,AI=消耗的水的量/消耗的水和甜味劑的總量×100%。以50%作為隨機臨界點,AI越高說明味覺厭惡記憶越好。
1.5統計學處理
應用Graph Pad Prism 6.0軟件進行統計學分析。實驗結果以±s形式表示,兩組之間AI比較采用雙尾t檢驗,各組AI與臨界值50%相比較采用單樣本t檢驗。P<0.05表示差異有顯著性。
2結果
2.1BLA注射retigabine對大鼠CTA記憶的影響
訓練前注射retigabine組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(41.39±15.75)%和(72.65±18.69)%(n=7),注射retigabine組大鼠和注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比AI明顯下降,差異具有統計學意義(t=3.384,P<0.05);注射retigabine組大鼠AI與臨界值50%相比差異無顯著性(P>0.05)。CTA記憶提取前注射retigabine組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(81.22±10.43)%和(74.17±18.02)%(n=7),兩組大鼠AI比較差異無顯著性(P>0.05);注射retigabine組大鼠AI明顯高于臨界值50%(t=7.329,P<0.05)。以上結果提示,BLA注射Kv7鉀離子通道激動劑retigabine抑制大鼠CTA記憶的獲取,但不影響CTA記憶的提取。
2.2BLA注射XE-991對大鼠CTA記憶的影響
訓練前注射XE-991組和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(78.75±21.94)%和(81.66±17.39)%(n=7),CTA記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠和注射生理鹽水組大鼠AI分別為(77.43±21.10)%和(74.30±15.03)%(n=7)。訓練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠與注射生理鹽水組大鼠相比,AI差異均無顯著性(P>0.05);訓練前和記憶提取前注射XE-991組大鼠AI均高于臨界值50%(t=3.707、3.184,P<0.05)。以上結果提示,BLA注射Kv7鉀離子通道拮抗劑XE-991不影響大鼠CTA記憶的獲取以及提取。
3討論
已發現人類有70多種鉀離子通道,其中Kv7即KCNQ鉀離子通道激活產生的電流是一種時間和電壓依賴性、低閾值、非失活的鉀電流,它在神經元動作電位的閾值附近被激活,對于調節神經元興奮性和神經沖動發放頻率起重要作用[15]。當神經元除極化產生動作電位時,由于Kv7/KCNQ鉀離子通道被激活后會持續開放,鉀離子外流促使神經元膜電位快速回到靜息狀態,從而導致神經元興奮性降低。因此,增強Kv7/KCNQ鉀離子通道的激活可能在一定程度上會降低神經元興奮性,反之抑制該通道則會促進膜電位除極化,增強神經元興奮性,誘導更多神經沖動的發放[16-17]。
KCNQ通道對學習記憶起著重要的調節作用,其介導的電壓依賴性鉀電流為M電流。M1型膽堿受體的激動劑可通過抑制M電流增加BLA神經元的興奮性[18]。激活CA1錐體細胞上表達的M1型受體也可以抑制Kv7鉀離子通道[5,19]。KCNQ2亞基突變的小鼠出現多動、認知改變、腦形態學改變以及海馬依賴的空間記憶損害等表現[20]。有研究發現,注射KCNQ通道拮抗劑XE-991可增強恐懼記憶,而注射KCNQ通道激動劑retigabine能夠抑制恐懼記憶[13]。條件性恐懼記憶和CTA記憶是實驗室常用的兩種情緒記憶行為學范式,被廣泛用于情緒記憶獲取、鞏固、提取、消退過程及其機制的研究[21]。本研究采用CTA行為范式觀察KCNQ鉀離子通道對情緒記憶獲取和提取過程的調節作用,結果表明,激活KCNQ通道抑制大鼠CTA記憶的獲取,但對記憶的提取無影響。KCNQ通道激活對CTA記憶獲取的阻斷作用可能與BLA神經元的興奮性受抑有關。
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(本文編輯馬偉平)