

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)句式
Have been to ,have been in 和have gone to 用法辨析
1. “have been to”表示曾經(jīng)去過某個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是去過的經(jīng)歷或旅行的目的地。通常與表示地點(diǎn)的名詞連用。
—I have been to Paris. (我去過巴黎。)
—Have you ever been to China?(你曾經(jīng)去過中國嗎?)
2. “have been in”表示曾經(jīng)在某個(gè)地方待過一段時(shí)間,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在某個(gè)地方的居住或停留經(jīng)歷。同樣也是與表示地點(diǎn)的名詞連用。
—She has been in London for three years. (她在倫敦已經(jīng)待了三年了。)
—Have they been in that small town before?(他們以前曾經(jīng)在那個(gè)小鎮(zhèn)待過嗎?)
3. “have gone to”表示已經(jīng)去了某個(gè)地方,強(qiáng)調(diào)的是離開當(dāng)前位置前往其他地方的行動(dòng)。與表示地點(diǎn)的動(dòng)詞連用。
—He has gone to the market to buy some groceries. (他去市場買些雜貨了。)
—Have they gone to the park yet?(他們已經(jīng)去公園了嗎?)
總之,“have been to” 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是去過某個(gè)地方的經(jīng)歷;“have been in” 強(qiáng)調(diào)的是在某個(gè)地方的居住或停留經(jīng)歷;“have gone to”則強(qiáng)調(diào)的是離開當(dāng)前位置前往其他地方的行動(dòng)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別
1. 兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的行為動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的是過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在情況造成的影響或結(jié)果,這個(gè)動(dòng)作與現(xiàn)實(shí)密切相關(guān);一般過去時(shí)表示的是過去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)或狀態(tài),與現(xiàn)在不發(fā)生關(guān)系。
He has been there. (強(qiáng)調(diào)人沒走)
She left No. 14 Middle School. (動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,人或許已不在該地)
His parents know he has made great progress in his studies.
(了解到“進(jìn)步”與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系)
My family moved to the city of China Chang Chun when I was ten years old(只說明動(dòng)作情況,與現(xiàn)在無關(guān))
2. 從時(shí)間狀語上看,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可與籠統(tǒng)的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,但不能與過去明確的,具體的時(shí)間狀語連用;一般過去時(shí)常與表示明確的,具體的過去狀語連用。
如:yesterday, last night, a few days ago, in 1998…
I joined league three years ago. 我三年前加入了社團(tuán)
China has sent up more than thirty man-made satellites in the past over twenty years.
3從動(dòng)作的傾向性上看;兩種是時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去開始并延續(xù)一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)特指動(dòng)作的延續(xù);所以這個(gè)動(dòng)作具有重復(fù)性,延續(xù)性;一般過去時(shí)說明動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,或過去的延續(xù)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的過程,并伴有感情色彩。
He has lived in London for ten years(可能現(xiàn)在已不住了)
He lived in London for ten years (說明過去事實(shí),不涉及現(xiàn)在)
4從說話的意圖或含意上看:兩種時(shí)態(tài)可能無表示過去的時(shí)間狀語,或許有似類this morning等與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語,選用那種時(shí)態(tài),這就要根據(jù)句子的含意,或上、下文來判斷。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過去的經(jīng)驗(yàn),一般過去時(shí)則表示過去動(dòng)作的事實(shí)。
I have written two compositions today. (事情發(fā)生在今天,作文寫完了,而時(shí)間仍然是今天。)
I wrote two compositions today. (事情發(fā)生在晚上之前結(jié)束,作文可能在今天中的某時(shí)寫的,這里只說明寫作文的事實(shí))
跟蹤練習(xí):
語法填空閱讀下面的材料并填空。有的答案要填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容,有的答案要用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式,但每個(gè)答案不多于三個(gè)單詞。
My hometown is a small town. It is in the southern part 1 Shandong Province. I left my hometown to work in Singapore 15 years ago. But I 2 (not be) back home for almost ten years.
Last month I came back to my hometown with my family. What I saw 3 (great) surprised me. Great changes 4 (take) place in the past ten years. The environment is getting 5 (beautiful) than before. The streets are wider and cleaner. There are trees and flowers everywhere. In the past,people used 6 (travel) by bike. Now they take buses or drive cars. I’m sure transportation 7 (be) better in the future.
When I got home,my parent "8 (wait)for me at home. Then they told me a lot of the 9 "(change)in my hometown. I can’t imagine 10 my hometown will be like in another ten years’ time.
1. of 2. have not been 3. greatly 4. have taken 5. more beautiful
6. to travel 7. will be 8. were waiting 9. changes 10. what
初中生學(xué)習(xí)指導(dǎo)·提升版2024年5期