武威漢代醫簡虛詞研究

摘要：漢語虛詞在語法結構方面起著重要的作用，是重要的語法手段。學術界對武威漢代醫簡的研究多注重其醫學價值，語言文字角度的研究多是古文字領域內的文字考釋，虛詞研究的成果不多見。該文試圖對武威漢代醫簡的虛詞首次做全面的調查和整理，這是漢語史領域有意義的工作，不足之處還請各方指正。漢語是一種非形態語言，虛詞是重要的表示語法意義的語法形式，虛詞的研究在古籍作品研究領域一直具有較高價值。經過整理，發現武威漢代醫簡共出現虛詞74個，總使用量為497例，由于武威漢代醫簡92枚醫學簡冊多記載醫方，對話少，所以其中出現的語氣詞、嘆詞不多，副詞是武威漢代醫簡虛詞中使用最多的一類虛詞，其次是介詞和連詞。

關鍵詞：武威漢代醫簡；虛詞；語法；詞性；先秦漢語；總數可觀

中圖分類號：H146.2；K877 文獻標識碼：A 文章編號：2096-4110（2024）07（c）-058-08

Study of Functional Words in Medical Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty in Wuwei

XU Yuyu

（College of Humanities and Foreign Languages， Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine， Lanzhou Gansu， 730101， China）

Abstract：Chinese function words play an important role in grammatical structure and are an important means of grammar. Most of the researches on the medical bamboo slips of Han dynasty in Wuwei focus on their medical value， and most of the researches from the perspective of language and script are textual research in the field of ancient script. This paper is the first attempt to make a comprehensive survey and collation of function words in Wuwei medical bamboo slips， which is a meaningful work in the field of Chinese history. Chinese is a non-morphological language， function word is an important grammatical form to express grammatical meaning， and the study of function word has always been of high value in the field of ancient works. In this paper， 74 functional words were found in medical bamboo slips of the Han dynasty in Wuwei， and 497 cases were used in total. 92 medical bamboo slips of the Han dynasty in Wuwei recorded more medical prescriptions and had fewer dialogues， the adverbs are the most frequently used function words in Wuwei， followed by prepositions and conjunctions.

Key words：Medical bamboo slips of the Han dynasty in Wuwei; Function words; Grammar; Part of speech; Pre-Qin Chinese; Significant total