摘要:目的 探究強直性脊柱炎患者外周血中Toll樣受體4(TLR4)、Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶3(JAK3)基因表達與輔助性T細胞17(Th17)/調節性T細胞(Treg)失衡的關系。方法 101例AS患者(AS組)按照AS疾病活動指數(BASDAI)評分分為AS穩定期(ASS)組(<4分)42例、AS活動期(ASA)組(≥4分)59例,另選同期于本院體檢健康者為健康組50例。熒光定量PCR法檢測外周血單個核細胞(PBMC)中TLR4、JAK3 mRNA表達,檢測血清Th17、Treg細胞比例,并計算Th17/Treg比值。結果 AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA表達高于健康組(P<0.05)。AS組外周血Th17比例及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組(P<0.05)。較高水平TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA及Th17為AS的危險因素,較高水平Treg為AS保護因素。AS患者TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA分別與Th17比例及Th17/Treg呈正相關,與Treg比例呈負相關(P<0.05)。結論 AS患者PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因呈高表達且Th17/Treg呈失衡狀態,TLR4、JAK3基因高表達與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡密切相關。
關鍵詞:脊柱炎,強直性;單核細胞;Toll樣受體4;Janus激酶3;Th17/Treg失衡
中圖分類號:R743.3 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20240195
The relationship between TLR4, JAK3 gene expression and Th17/Treg imbalance in peripheral blood of patients with ankylosing spondylitis
ZHANG Zhiqiang ,WANG Weiwei, DONG Tengjing, LIAN Hongkai△
Department of Orthopedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou 450000, China
△Corresponding Authtor E-mail: 819475487@qq.com
Abstract: Objective To explore the relationship between the expression of Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Janus protein tyrosine kinase 3 (JAK3) genes and the imbalance of helper T cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods A total of 101 AS patients were selected as the AS group. According to the AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score, patients were divided into the AS stable phase (ASS) group (<4 points, 42 cases) and the AS active phase (ASA) group (≥ 4 points, 59 cases). Additionally, 50 healthy volunteers who underwent physical examinations at our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group (health group). Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the mRNA expression of TLR4 and JAK3 in PBMCs, and the proportion of serum Th17 and Treg was measured and Th17/Treg levels were calculated. Results The levels of TLR4 mRNA and JAK3 mRNA in PBMCs of peripheral blood were higher in the AS group than those in the health group (P<0.05). The levels of Th17, proportion and Th17/Treg in peripheral blood were higher in the AS group than those of the health group (P<0.05). Higher levels of TLR4 mRNA, JAK3 mRNA, Th17, and Th17/Treg were risk factors for AS, while higher level of Treg was protective factors for AS. TLR4 mRNA and JAK3 mRNA in AS patients were positively correlated with Th17 ratio and Th17/Treg ratio, and negatively correlated with Treg ratio (P<0.05). Conclusion TLR4 and JAK3 genes are highly expressed and Th17/Treg is unbalanced in PBMC of AS patients. The high expression of TLR4 and JAK3 genes is closely related to Th17/Treg imbalance in AS patients.
Key words: spondylitis, ankylosing; monocytes; Toll-like receptor 4; Janus kinase 3; Th17/Treg imbalance
強直性脊柱炎(AS)為一種慢性自身免疫炎癥性疾病,以中軸關節受累為主,累及脊柱骨樣突、骶髂關節、脊柱旁軟組織等,可致脊柱和關節強直、周圍關節病變[1-2]。AS多發于中青年男性,按照活動度可分為AS穩定期(ASS)、AS活動期(ASA)。目前,有關AS的發病機制尚未完全闡明,多認為與遺傳、環境、免疫異常、炎癥反應等多種因素有關,其中炎癥免疫反應發揮重要作用[3-4]。研究顯示,CD4+T淋巴細胞中的新亞群輔助性T細胞17(Th17細胞)有抗炎作用,同時其可輔助調節性T細胞(Treg細胞)發揮抑炎作用,Th17/Treg失衡會促進AS的發生發展[5]。另有研究顯示,CD4+T細胞亞群失衡在AS的發生發展中起關鍵作用,其中Th17、Treg細胞亞群作用最為明顯,前者主要參與局部微環境炎癥反應,后者可調節機體特異性免疫抑制,AS患者外周血中Th17/Treg處于相對失衡狀態[6]。故AS與Th17/Treg失衡互為因果,相互影響。引發Th17/Treg失衡的原因眾多。有研究認為,Toll樣受體4(TLR4)能夠識別病原相關分子模式的細胞表面受體,影響T細胞的活化[6-7]。Janus蛋白酪氨酸激酶(JAK)/轉錄激活因子(STAT)信號通路是免疫調節中重要的細胞內信號傳導通路,多種細胞因子可通過調節JAK/STAT通路導致T淋巴細胞免疫功能紊亂,進而介導炎癥免疫反應的發生[8]。JAK3基因表達異常與多種風濕免疫性疾病相關,且JAK抑制劑用于AS治療具有較高的可行性與安全性[9]。然而,目前有關TLR4、JAK3基因表達與Th17/Treg失衡的關系研究較少。本研究旨在觀察AS患者外周血單個核細胞(PBMC)中TLR4、JAK3基因表達,并分析二者與Th17/Treg失衡的相關性。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象 選取2022年1月—12月于鄭州市中心醫院就診的101例AS患者(AS組)。AS診斷參照文獻[10]。納入標準:伴有胸廓活動度降低、腰椎活動受限及晨僵、腰痛等癥狀,并經影像學檢查而首次確診;年齡18~75歲;入組前3個月未接受免疫調節治療、糖皮質激素治療。排除標準:合并其他結締組織疾病、感染性疾病與血液系統疾病;伴有心、腦、肝、腎等重要臟器功能嚴重不全;存在其他類型風濕性疾病;既往有病毒性肝炎、其他自身免疫性疾病;妊娠期或哺乳期。另選50例同期于本院體檢健康者為健康組,既往無AS史且無AS家族史。2組性別、年齡、體質量指數(BMI)差異無統計學意義,具有可比性,見表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 AS患者分組 入院后,采用AS疾病活動指數(BASDAI)[11]評估患者疾病活動度,總分0~10分,BASDAI評分<4分為ASS組,BASDAI評分≥4分為ASA組。
12.2 熒光定量PCR檢測PBMC中TLR4、JAK3 mRNA表達 采集AS患者治療前的和健康組體檢當日的空腹靜脈血3 mL,Ficoll Pague PLUS試劑盒(通用電氣醫療集團生命科學公司)分離并純化PBMC,Thermo ScientificTM Countess Ⅱ型全自動細胞計數儀(上海輔澤商貿有限公司)檢測PBMC總量,磷酸鹽緩沖液(PBS)稀釋細胞密度為2×109個/L。取1份100 μL細胞懸浮液,用Trizol RNA提取試劑盒(美國Invitrogen公司)提取總RNA,純化,逆轉錄試劑盒(美國Applied Biosys- tems公司)逆轉為cDNA,取等量逆轉錄產物進行TLR4、JAK3 mRNA熒光定量PCR檢測。反應條件:94 ℃ 50 min;94 ℃ 30 s,57 ℃ 30 s,72 ℃ 30 s,30個循環;72 ℃ 5 min,4 ℃ 5 min。引物設計:TLR4上游5'?ACTTGGACCTTTCCAGCAAC-3',下游5'-TTTAAATGC ACCTGGTTGGA-3';JAK3上游5'-CTCCTTCCGAGCCGTCAT-3',下游5'-CTCCCGCTGAAAGTCCCT-3';β-actin上游5'-GTGG GGCGCCCCAGGCACCA-3',下游5'-CTCCTTAATGTCACGC ACGATTTC-3'。以β-actin作為內參,采用2-ΔΔCt法計算TLR4、JAK3 mRNA相對表達量。
1.2.3 外周血Th17、Treg檢測 采集AS患者治療前、健康組體檢當日的空腹靜脈血3 mL,3 000 r/min離心15 min(半徑10 cm),分離血清,采用Easy Cell Auto 204B0型流式細胞儀檢測2組外周血中Th17、Treg比例,并計算Th17/Treg比值。
1.3 統計學方法 采用SPSS 23.0軟件進行數據分析。符合正態分布的計量資料以[[x] ±s
]表示,2組間比較用獨立樣本t檢驗;相關性采用Pearson相關性分析;Logistic回歸分析影響AS發生的因素。計數資料以例或例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 2組外周血PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因表達水平比較 AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA表達水平均高于健康組(P<0.01),見表2。
2.2 2組外周血Th17、Treg及Th17/Treg比較 AS組外周血Th17比例及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組(P<0.05),見表3。
2.4 外周血TLR4、JAK3基因表達與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡的相關性 AS患者的TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA與Th17比例(r分別為0.534、0.509)及Th17/Treg(r分別為0.546、0.501)呈正相關(均P<0.05),與Treg比例呈負相關(r分別為-0.579、-0.445,均P<0.05)。
3 討論
Th17細胞是一類產生IL-17的T輔助細胞,其在自身免疫反應中起到重要作用。Treg細胞則具有抑制免疫反應的功能。AS是一種慢性炎癥性疾病,炎癥介質的過度產生和釋放對免疫細胞的分化和功能有著重要影響。研究顯示,健康者體內Th17、Treg處于平衡狀態,當體內細胞環境改變時會致使Th17/Treg處于失衡狀態,促進自身免疫性疾病進展[12]。近年來有研究認為,外周血Th17細胞比例的增加所致的Th17/Treg失衡可能在AS的發生發展中起重要作用[13]。AS患者Th17細胞水平顯著高于健康者,而Treg細胞水平顯著低于健康者[14]。研究認為,隨著AS的活動性增加,Th17/Treg失衡愈發明顯[15-16]。本研究結果亦證實,AS組外周血Th17及Th17/Treg高于健康組,Treg比例低于健康組,提示臨床應采取有效措施糾正Th17/Treg失衡,可在一定程度上改善患者預后。
TLR4是膜蛋白家族成員之一,在識別配體后經由MyD88依賴性與非依賴性傳導通路介導κ基因結合核因子(nuclear factor-κ-gene binding,NF-κB)活化,激活胞內信號通路,致多種炎性因子與黏性因子大量合成與釋放,從而加重炎癥反應[17]。JAK/STAT3信號通路可由促炎細胞因子觸發,廣泛參與細胞凋亡、細胞生長、氧化應激、炎癥反應等過程。JAK家族包括JAK1、JAK2、JAK3等,其中JAK3高表達于造血組織,其缺失會導致T淋巴細胞參與的促炎、抗炎功能紊亂,從而導致機體免疫功能失衡[18]。另外,TLR4激活還可以通過促進白細胞介素6、重組人白細胞介素-1β等炎性因子的產生,進一步影響Th17和Treg細胞的分化和功能[19]。本研究結果亦證實,AS組外周血PBMC中TLR4 、JAK3表達水平高于健康組,TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA分別與AS患者Th17比例及Th17/Treg呈正相關,與AS患者Treg比例呈負相關,表明TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA高表達會導致Th17/Treg失衡,進而引起AS。Logistic回歸分析顯示,較高水平TLR4 mRNA、JAK3 mRNA及Th17均為AS的危險因素。相關研究亦認為,JAK3過度表達與Th17/Treg失衡高度相關[20]。
綜上所述,AS患者外周血PBMC中TLR4、JAK3基因呈高表達且Th17/Treg呈失衡狀態,TLR4、JAK3基因高表達與AS患者Th17/Treg失衡密切相關。
參考文獻
[1]"""" CCROSSFIELD S S R,MARZO-ORTEGA H,KINGSBURY S R,et al. Changes in ankylosing spondylitis incidence,prevalence and time to diagnosis over two decades[J]. RMD Open,2021,7(3):e001888. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2021-001888.
[2]"""" XU H,YU H,LIU L,et al. Integrative single-cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq analysis of peripheral mononuclear cells in patients with ankylosing spondylitis[J]. Front Immunol,2021,12:760381. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.760381.
[3]"""" LIU H,PENG Y. Identification of a novel gene expression signature associated with amino acid metabolism(AAM) in ankylosing spondylitis(AS)[J]. Int J Gen Med,2024,17:597-609. doi:10.2147/IJGM.S435650.
[4]"""" WU J,YAN L,CHAI K. Systemic immune-inflammation index is associated with disease activity in patients with ankylosing spondylitis[J]. J Clin Lab Anal,2021,35(9):e23964. doi:10.1002/jcla.23964.
[5]"""" SUN T,ZHOU C,LU F,et al. Adipose-derived stem cells in immune-related skin disease:a review of current research and underlying mechanisms[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther,2024,15(1):37. doi:10.1186/s13287-023-03561-8.
[6]"""" 劉秀嬋,王俊祥,魏平. 強直性脊柱炎患者Th淋巴細胞功能的研究[J]. 天津醫藥,2010,38(12):1047-1049. LIU X C,WANG J X,WEI P. Th lymphocyte function in patients with ankylosing spondylitis research[J]. Tianjin Med J,2010,38(12):1047-1049. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-9896.2010.12.009.
[7]"""" LUO L,LIU M X,FAN Y H,et al. Intermittent theta-burst stimulation improves motor function by inhibiting neuronal pyroptosis and regulating microglial polarization via TLR4/NFκB/NLRP3 signaling pathway in cerebral ischemic mice[J]. J Neuroinflammation,2022,19(1):141. doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02501-2.
[8]"""" RAYCHAUDHURI S P,SHAH R J,BANERJEE S,et al. JAK-STAT signaling and beyond in the pathogenesis of spondyloarthritis and their clinical significance[J]. Curr Rheumatol Rep,2024,26(6):204-213. doi:10.1007/s11926-024-01144-x.
[9]"""" LEE Y H. Comparative efficacy and safety of janus kinase inhibitors and secukinumab in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis:a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Pharmacology,2022,107(11/12):537-544. doi:10.1159/000525627.
[10]""" RAMIRO S,NIKIPHOROU E,SEPRIANO A,et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis:2022 update[J]. Ann Rheum Dis,2023,82(1):19-34. doi:10.1136/ard-2022-223296.
[11]""" GARRETT S,JENKINSON T,KENNEDY LG,et al. A new approach to defining disease status in ankylosing spondylitis:the bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index[J]. J Rheumatol,1994,21(12):2286-2291.
[12]""" LIAO H,LI T,CHEN C,et al. Jams kinase-1 and 3 in ankylosingspondyliis[J]. J Farmos Med Assoc,2019,118(1 Pt 1):134-141. doi:10.1016/j.jfma.2018.02.001.
[13]""" DING T T,LI B C,SU R,et al. Elevated Th17 cells are associated with cardiovascular complications in ankylosing spondylitis[J]. Rheumatology(Oxford),2022,61(8):3481-3490. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/keab888.
[14]""" XIE J M,WANG Z T,WANG W. Semaphorin 4D induces an imbalance of Th17/Treg cells by activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in ankylosing spondylitis[J]. Front Immunol,2020,11(8):2151. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.02151.
[15]""" MARTINI V,SILVESTRI Y,CIUREA A,et al. Patients with ankylosing spondylitis present a distinct CD8 T cell subset with osteogenic and cytotoxic potential[J]. RMD Open,2024,10(1):e003926. doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003926.
[16]""" LIN D,LIN B,LIN C,et al. Imbalance of peripheral lymphoeytesubselks in patients with ankylesing spondylitis:a Meta-analysis[J]. Font Immmunol,2021,12:696973. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.696973.
[17]""" CAI J,JIANG Y,CHEN F,et al. PCSK9 promotes T helper 1 and T helper 17 cell differentiation by activating the nuclear factor-κB pathway in ankylosing spondylitis[J]. Immun Inflamm Dis,2023,11(5):e870. doi:10.1002/iid3.870.
[18]""" OLIVERA P A,LASA J S,BONOVAS S,et al. Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases or other immune-mediated diseases:a systematic review and Meta-analysis[J]. Gastroenterology,2020,158(6):1554-1573.e12. doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2020.01.001.
[19]""" INCIARTE-MUNDO J,FRADE-SOSA B,SANMARTí R. From bench to bedside:Calprotectin (S100A8/S100A9) as a biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis[J]. Front Immunol,2022,13:1001025. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.1001025.
[20]""" CARRE?O-SAAVEDRA N M,REYES-PéREZ I V,MACHADO-SULBARAN A C,et al. IL-21(rs2055979 and rs2221903)/IL-21R"(rs3093301) polymorphism and high levels of IL-21 are associated with rheumatoid arthritis in mexican patients[J]. Genes (Basel),2023,14(4):878. doi:10.3390/genes14040878.
(2024-02-18收稿 2024-05-08修回)
(本文編輯 陸榮展)
作者單位:鄭州市中心醫院骨科(郵編450000)
作者簡介:張志強(1983),男,副主任中醫師,主要從事骨科方面研究。E-mail:2997184472@qq.com
△通信作者 E-mail:819475487@qq.com