







摘要:目的 分析結直腸癌組織長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)LINC00342、微小RNA-203a-3p(miR-203a-3p)表達水平與患者術后5年內預后的關系。方法 采集133例結直腸癌患者的結直腸癌組織及癌旁組織。熒光定量PCR法檢測LncRNA LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達;術后隨訪5年記錄患者生存和死亡情況。比較不同情況下LncRNA LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達及臨床病理參數。分析結直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達的相關性、與預后的關系及對預后的預測價值。結果 結直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342表達水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于癌旁組織(P<0.05)。結直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342與miR-203a-3p表達水平呈負相關(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342高表達組、miR-203a-3p低表達組腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結轉移患者比例分別高于LncRNA LINC00342低表達組和miR-203a-3p高表達組(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342高表達組、miR-203a-3p低表達組術后5年總生存率更低(P<0.05)。死亡組腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結轉移患者比例、LncRNA LINC00342表達水平高于存活組,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于存活組(P<0.05)。腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結轉移、LncRNA LINC00342高表達、miR-203a-3p低表達是影響患者術后5年內死亡的獨立危險因素(P<0.05)。LncRNA LINC00342和miR-203a-3p聯合對預后的預測價值高于單獨預測。結論 結直腸癌組織中LncRNA LINC00342呈高表達,miR-203a-3p呈低表達,二者聯合檢測有望成為預測術后生存的臨床評估指標。
關鍵詞:結直腸腫瘤;RNA,長鏈非編碼;預后;長鏈非編碼RNA LINC00342;微小RNA-203a-3p
中圖分類號:R735.34 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20231812
Expression of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue and their relationship with prognosis
WANG Xinbo, LUO Bingqing, SHI Yubao, ZHANG Ye, XI Jiangwei
Department of General Surgery, the Second Hospital Affiliated to Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou 075100, China
Abstract: Objective To analyze the relationship between expression levels of long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) LINC00342 and microRNA-203a-3p (miR-203a-3p) in colorectal cancer tissue and the prognosis of patients within 5 years after surgery. Methods Samples of colorectal cancer tissue and paracancer tissue of 133 patients with colorectal cancer were collected. Expression levels of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p were detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR. Survival and death were recorded after 5 years of follow-up. The LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p expressions and clinicopathological parameters in patients under different conditions were compared. The correlation between expressions of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue was analyzed, and their predictive value for the prognosis was also analyzed. Results The expression level of LncRNA LINC00342 was higher in colorectal cancer tissue than that in paracancer tissue, and the expression level of miR-203a-3p was lower in colorectal cancer tissue than that in paracancer tissue (P<0.05). The expression levels of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p in colorectal cancer tissue were negatively correlated (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ and lymph node metastasis were higher in the LncRNA LINC00342 high expression group and the miR-203a-3p low expression group than those in the LncRNA LINC00342 low expression group and the miR-203a-3p high expression group, respectively (P<0.05). The 5-year overall survival rate after operation was lower in the LncRNA LINC00342 high expression group and the miR-203a-3p low expression group (P<0.05). The proportion of patients with low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, and higher expression level of LncRNA LINC00342 were higher in colorectal cancer tissue of the death group than those in the survival group, and the expression level of miR-203a-3p was lower than that in the survival group (P<0.05). Low tumor differentiation, TNM stage Ⅲ, lymph node metastasis, high expression of LncRNA LINC00342 and low expression of miR-203a-3p were independent risk factors for death within 5 years after colorectal cancer surgery (P<0.05). The combined predictive value of LncRNA LINC00342 and miR-203a-3p for prognosis was greater than that of individual prediction. Conclusion LncRNA LINC00342 is higher expressed and miR-203a-3p is lower expressed in colorectal cancer tissue, and the combined detection of the two is expected to become a clinical evaluation indicator for predicting postoperative survival.
Key words: colorectal neoplasms; RNA, long noncoding; prognosis; LncRNA LINC00342; miR-203a-3p
結直腸癌是一種全球常見的消化系統惡性腫瘤,隨著生活環境和飲食習慣的改變,其發病率和死亡率呈逐年上升的趨勢,已成為威脅人類生命健康的第三大惡性腫瘤[1-2]。近年來癌癥生物標志物的研究廣受關注,但結直腸癌患者的總體死亡率尚未有明顯改善,臨床上缺乏患者預后的特異性預測指標,無法根據患者術后病情制定預后改善方案[3-4]。長鏈非編碼RNA(LncRNA)是核苷酸長度大于200的不編碼蛋白質的RNA。研究發現,LncRNA在DNA轉錄后加工、機體表觀遺傳及人類疾病調控等方面具有重要功能[5-6]。LncRNA LINC00342是一種在多種惡性腫瘤中表達上調的新型LncRNA,其可通過參與多種分子機制或信號通路在癌癥的發生發展中發揮重要作用[7]。微小RNA(miRNA,miR)是長約22個核苷酸的高度保守的小分子RNA,其可通過mRNA降解或翻譯參與相關基因的表達調節。miR-203a-3p在癌細胞增殖、轉移、侵襲等過程中發揮重要作用[8]。有研究顯示,LINC00342可通過競爭性靶向miR-203a-3p來促進非小細胞肺癌細胞的生長和轉移[9]。LINC00342和miR-203a-3p均可影響癌癥的發展進程,然而二者的表達情況與結直腸癌術后預后的關系尚不明確。本研究旨在通過分析結直腸癌患者癌組織中二者表達與患者術后生存的關系,為改善結直腸癌患者預后提供理論支持。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象 選擇2015年9月—2018年8月于我院住院手術治療的結直腸癌患者133例,其中男68例,女65例,年齡32~75歲,平均(55.23±9.34)歲。納入標準:(1)符合結直腸癌診斷標準[10]。(2)手術獲取所需組織標本并保存完整。(3)患者入院前未進行過手術、放療、化療等治療。排除標準:(1)自身免疫疾病者。(2)其他部位惡性腫瘤者。(3)嚴重器官損傷者。(4)臨床或隨訪資料不全、失訪病例。本研究已通過本院倫理委員會批準(批準號:2015-附二院LS-044),獲得患者及其家屬知情同意并簽署知情同意書。
1.2 熒光定量PCR法檢測LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達 取術后收集的結直腸癌組織及癌旁組織(距離腫瘤組織>3 cm),加裂解液研磨為勻漿,使用RNA提取試劑盒(大連晶泰生物科技公司)按照說明書步驟提取組織中RNA,將所得RNA檢測純度及濃度后,按照反轉錄試劑盒(美國賽默飛世爾公司)中說明書步驟反轉錄為cDNA。設計引物并使用實時熒光定量PCR儀(型號CFX Opus 384,廣州國奧生物技術公司)檢測LINC00342(內參GAPDH)和miR-203a-3p(內參U6)的表達,引物由大連晶泰生物科技公司設計,見表1。根據PCR試劑盒說明書配制26 μL反應總體系:PCR試劑11 μL,上、下游引物各1.5 μL,cDNA 2 μL,滅菌蒸餾水10 μL。擴增條件:95 ℃ 3 min;95 ℃ 21 s,59 ℃ 19 s,74 ℃ 31 s,共33個循環。采用2-ΔΔCt法量化LINC00342和miR-203a-3p的相對表達水平。
1.3 術后隨訪 根據《中國結直腸癌診療規范(2017年版)》[10]給予術后患者個體化治療(包括放療、化療、靶向治療等),并隨訪5年。隨訪頻率為每3個月進行1次,隨訪方式為電話和門診復查,術后第1天開始隨訪,截至2023年8月31日。記錄5年內患者生存和死亡情況。
1.4 統計學方法 采用SPSS 26.0軟件處理數據。計量資料以均數±標準差[([x] ±s)]表示,2組間比較采用獨立樣本t檢驗;計數資料以例(%)表示,組間比較采用χ2檢驗;Pearson法分析結直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達的相關性;Kaplan-Meier生存曲線分析結直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達與患者術后5年內預后的關系;多因素Cox回歸分析患者術后5年預后的影響因素;受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線評價LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達對患者5年預后的預測價值,Delong檢驗比較曲線下面積(AUC)。P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 結直腸癌和癌旁組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達比較 結直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于癌旁組織(P<0.05),見表2。
2.2 結直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達的相關性分析 結直腸癌組織中LINC00342與miR-203a-3p表達水平呈負相關(r=-0.522,P<0.01)。
2.3 結直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達與患者臨床病理參數的關系 見表3。根據結直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達水平的平均值(2.41)和miR-203a-3p表達水平的平均值(0.65)分為高表達組(≥平均值)和低表達組(<平均值)。兩指標高表達組與低表達組間年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大小差異均無統計學意義(P>0.05);LINC00342高表達組、miR-203a-3p低表達組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結轉移患者比例分別高于LINC00342低表達組和miR-203a-3p高表達組(P<0.05)。
2.4 結直腸癌組織中LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達與患者術后5年內存活率的關系 患者術后隨訪5年,存活85例(63.91%,存活組),死亡48例(36.09%,死亡組)。其中LINC00342高表達組術后5年總生存率低于LINC00342低表達組[(50.62%(41/81) vs. 84.62%(44/52),Log-rank χ2=77.341,P<0.001);miR-203a-3p高表達組術后5年總生存率高于miR-203a-3p低表達組[85.71%(48/56) vs. 48.05%(37/77),Log-rank χ2=15.669,P<0.001],見圖1。
2.5 不同生存情況結直腸癌患者臨床病理參數、LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達比較 存活組和死亡組年齡、性別、腫瘤部位、腫瘤大小差異無統計學意義(P>0.05);死亡組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結轉移患者比例、LINC00342表達水平高于存活組,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于存活組(P<0.05),見表4。
2.6 結直腸癌患者術后5年內死亡的影響因素分析 以患者術后5年內死亡情況(死亡=1,存活=0)為因變量,以腫瘤分化程度(低分化=1,中高分化=0)、TNM分期(Ⅲ期=1,Ⅰ—Ⅱ期=0)、淋巴結轉移(有=1,無=0)、LINC00342(高表達=1,低表達=0)、miR-203a-3p(低表達=1,高表達=0)為自變量,進行多因素Cox回歸分析。結果顯示,腫瘤低分化、TNMⅢ期、有淋巴結轉移、LINC00342高表達和miR-203a-3p低表達是患者術后5年內死亡的獨立危險因素(P<0.05),見表5。
2.7 LINC00342、miR-203a-3p表達對患者術后5年存活的預測價值 繪制LINC00342、miR-203a-3p預測結直腸癌患者術后5年內存活的ROC曲線,結果顯示結直腸癌組織LINC00342、miR-203a-3p及兩者聯合預測患者術后5年內存活的預測價值均較高,其中兩者聯合的預測效果高于兩指標單獨預測的AUC(Z分別為1.681和1.860,P<0.05),見圖2、表6。
3 討論
結直腸癌是惡性腫瘤中發病率和致死率均較高的癌癥之一。結直腸癌炎癥微環境中的炎性細胞因子可引起相關DNA損傷和抑癌基因突變,進而促進結直腸上皮細胞異常增殖,導致結直腸癌的發生發展[11-12]。結直腸癌早期缺乏明顯癥狀且進展較快,因此大多數患者在發現病情時已進展至中晚期,只能通過放化療延長生存時間,治愈率較低[13]。目前臨床上對結直腸癌的篩查手段主要以影像學檢查、糞便隱血檢查和腸鏡檢查為主,但由于結直腸癌的發生發展由多基因調控、多因素參與,這些檢查手段難以判斷癌癥進程,難以預估結直腸癌患者術后生存情況[14]。因此,臨床上迫切需要能夠評估患者病情且與術后生存密切相關的特異性診斷手段。
近年來,LncRNA和miRNA在癌癥方面的作用受到越來越多的關注。研究發現LncRNA是一種競爭性內源RNA,可通過調節靶基因的表達在癌癥的發生發展等過程中發揮作用[15]。據文獻報道,LINC00342在多種癌癥中,如乳腺癌組織和細胞中表達上調,通過沉默LINC00342表達可抑制乳腺癌細胞增殖、遷移和侵襲[16]。Yao等[17]研究表明,LINC00342可通過調節miR-203a-3p的表達促進原發性肝癌細胞的增殖、侵襲和遷移。MiRNA可參與人體多種病理過程的調節,如miR-203a-3p可調節胃癌細胞鐵依賴性死亡[18]。研究發現miR-203a-3p在非小細胞肺癌中呈低表達,其過表達會抑制腫瘤的生長[19]。本研究結果顯示,結直腸癌組織中LINC00342表達水平高于癌旁組織,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于癌旁組織,與郭瑩葉[16,19]等的研究結果一致,表明LINC00342高表達、miR-203a-3p低表達可能參與結直腸癌的發病進程。進一步研究發現,結直腸癌組織中LINC00342和miR-203a-3p表達呈負相關,且LINC00342高表達組、miR-203a-3p低表達組腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結轉移患者比例分別高于LINC00342低表達組和miR-203a-3p高表達組;結合Yao等[17]的研究結果,筆者推測二者可能存在靶向調控關系,共同參與結直腸癌的病情進展和惡化,但其具體作用機制尚不明晰。
有研究報道胃癌組織和細胞系中LINC00342表達上調,LINC00342高表達胃癌患者預后較差[20]。Qasemi Rad等[21]研究發現,結直腸癌組織中miR-203a-3p低表達患者腫瘤惡性程度高且生存時間較短。本研究結果發現,LINC00342高表達和miR-203a-3p低表達結直腸癌患者術后5年總生存率均較低,且術后5年內死亡患者LINC00342表達水平高于存活者,miR-203a-3p表達水平低于存活者;與Liu等[20-21]的報道一致,提示二者表達與結直腸癌患者術后預后緊密相關,LINC00342高表達和miR-203a-3p低表達患者術后5年內預后較差。Cox分析和ROC曲線結果顯示,腫瘤低分化、TNM Ⅲ期、有淋巴結轉移、LINC00342高表達、miR-203a-3p低表達是影響結直腸癌患者術后5年內死亡的獨立危險因素,LINC00342和miR-203a-3p兩者聯合對患者術后5年內存活的預測價值較高;提示LINC00342和miR-203a-3p有望成為預測結直腸癌患者術后生存的臨床評估指標,且對于有上述危險因素的患者,臨床上要密切關注,及時干預,以延長患者生存期。
綜上,LINC00342、miR-203a-3p的表達水平與結直腸癌患者術后5年內預后密切相關,LINC00342高表達、miR-203a-3p低表達均對患者術后生存不利,兩者聯合對預后具有較高的預測價值。但本研究尚存在不足之處:未探索LINC00342、miR-203a-3p影響結直腸癌進展的具體作用機制,且影響結直腸癌患者5年生存率的因素較多,尚需進一步探究。
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(2023-12-01收稿 2024-03-14修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)