



摘要:目的 探究注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班對急性腦梗死(ACI)患者療效、巨噬細胞移動抑制因子(MIF)水平及血流變的影響。方法 采用隨機數字表法將116例ACI患者分為西藥組(給予替羅非班治療)和聯合組(給予注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班治療),各58例。計算神經功能缺損評分(NIHSS)降低程度并評估療效;采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測治療前后患者血清MIF、白細胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β水平;采用SA-6600型全自動血液流變儀檢測治療前后ACI患者血流變指標(全血黏度、全血低切黏度和纖維蛋白原)的變化;記錄治療期間不良反應的發生情況;采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)評估發病90 d時的臨床轉歸情況,Barthel指數評估患者治療前后的生活能力。結果 聯合組ACI患者的臨床總有效率高于西藥組(89.66% vs. 74.14%,P<0.05)。治療后,2組MIF、血流變指標、IL-6和IL-1β水平均低于治療前,且聯合組低于西藥組(P<0.05)。2組不良反應總發生率差異無統計學意義(P>0.05)。2組治療后Barthel指數均較治療前增加,且聯合組高于西藥組(P<0.05);聯合組轉歸良好率高于西藥組(51.72% vs. 32.76%,P<0.05)。結論 注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班治療ACI療效確切,可降低血清MIF及炎性因子水平,改善患者血流變指標,安全性好。
關鍵詞:腦梗死;替羅非班;巨噬細胞游走抑制因子;血液流變學;注射用丹參多酚酸鹽
中圖分類號:R285.6,R743.33 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20241759
Abstract: Objective To investigate the influence of Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolate injection combined with tirofiban on the curative effect, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) level and hemorheology in patients with acute cerebral infarction (ACI). Methods A total of 116 patients with ACI were divided into the western medicine group (treated with tirofiban) and the combined group (treated with Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolate injection combined with tirofiban) by random number table method, with 58 cases in each group. Neurological deficit score (NIHSS) reduction was calculated, and the therapeutic effect was evaluated. Serum MIF, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment. Changes of hemorheological indexes (whole blood viscosity, whole blood low tangential viscosity and fibrinogen) of ACI patients were detected by SA-6600 automatic hemorheometer before and after treatment. The occurrence of adverse reactions during treatment was recorded. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to evaluate the clinical outcome at 90 days of onset, and the Barthel index was used to evaluate the living ability of the patients before and after treatment. Results The total clinical effective rate of ACI patients was higher in the combined group than that in the western medicine group (89.66% vs. 74.14%, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of MIF, whole blood viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, fibrinogen, IL-6 and IL-1β were lower in 2 groups than those before treatment, and those were lower in the combined group than those in the western medicine group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the total incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups (P>0.05). The Barthel index was higher after treatment in the two groups, and which was higher in the combined group than that of the western medicine group (P<0.05). The good outcome rate was higher in the combination group than that of the western medicine group (51.72% vs. 32.76%, P<0.05). Conclusion Salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolate injection combined with tirofiban has a obvious effect for ACI patients, which can reduce serum levels of MIF and inflammatory factors, improve hemorheology indicators and has a high safety.
Key words: brain infarction; tirofiban; macrophage migration-inhibitory factors; hemorheology; salvia miltiorrhiza polyphenolate injection
急性腦梗死(ACI)通常是指腦供血突然中斷后出現的腦組織壞死,其發病機制復雜,主要表現為肢體無力、惡心嘔吐、面癱等,嚴重者可導致殘疾和死亡,近年的發病率及死亡率較高[1-2]。丹參多酚酸鹽是一種中藥注射劑,有效成分為丹參多酚酸,具有活血、化瘀、通絡的作用,能夠治療胸痛、胸悶、心悸等癥狀。有研究發現,注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合依達拉奉能夠有效改善ACI患者的血液流變學指標[3]。替羅非班是一種GPⅡb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑,能夠有效抑制血小板活化和血栓形成;替羅非班亦是一種抗心絞痛藥,可用于治療急性缺血性卒中、動脈粥樣硬化、顱內動脈瘤等疾病。有研究表明,使用替羅非班治療ACI能夠減輕患者炎癥反應,改善免疫功能[4]。但注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班對ACI的作用尚未闡明。巨噬細胞移動抑制因子(MIF)是由T細胞產生的一種內分泌免疫物質,能夠參與T細胞活化,減弱巨噬細胞活性。MIF表達與ACI患者腦水腫嚴重程度有關[5]。本研究旨在探討注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班對ACI患者的療效,并分析其對MIF、炎性因子及血液流變學的影響。
1 對象與方法
1.1 研究對象 收集2021年1月—2022年9月華北醫療健康集團峰峰總醫院神經內科收治的ACI患者116例,其中男57例,女59例,年齡40~80歲,平均(56.13±6.45)歲。納入標準:(1)患者經CT檢查確診,出現口歪眼斜、肢體麻木、乏力及語言不利等神經功能障礙癥狀,符合中國腦梗死中西醫結合診治標準[6];(2)首次確診;(3)發病時間<4.5 h;(4)神經功能缺損評分(NIHSS)為4~24分[7]。排除標準:(1)對丹參多酚酸鹽及替羅非班藥物過敏者;(2)合并惡性腫瘤;(3)免疫功能缺陷;(4)嚴重意識障礙或精神狀態不正常;(5)有腦出血病史。采用隨機數字表法將患者分為西藥組和聯合組,各58例。2組患者一般資料比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),見表1。本研究獲得患者知情同意,并經倫理委員會審批(倫理批號:2020-11-008)。
1.2 治療方案 2組患者根據病情給予常規治療,包括控制血糖、血壓,抗血小板聚集,糾正水電解質紊亂,穩定生命體征,改善腦循環等。西藥組在進行常規治療的基礎上給予鹽酸替羅非班(遠大醫藥,國藥準字H20041165,規格100 mL),患者首次靜脈泵入鹽酸替羅非班氯化鈉注射液0.4 μg/(kg·min),30 min后改為0.1 μg/(kg·min)并維持24 h,之后CT確認無腦出血,口服氯吡格雷75 mg/d。聯合組在西藥組的基礎上給予注射用丹參多酚酸鹽(上海綠谷制藥有限公司,規格100 mg/瓶),將200 mg注射用丹參多酚酸鹽與250 mL生理鹽水混合后靜脈滴注,1次/d。2組均連續治療14 d。
1.3 觀察指標
1.3.1 療效評定標準 參照《中國腦卒中早期康復治療指南》[8]評價療效。計算NIHSS降低程度(治療前后NIHSS差值/治療前NIHSS×100%),總分0~24分,數值越高提示神經功能越差。NIHSS降低91%~100%定為臨床痊愈,病殘程度定為0級;降低46%~90%定為顯效,病殘程度定為1~3級;降低18%~45%定為有效,降低0~17%或增多18%以上為無效。總有效率=(臨床痊愈+顯效+有效)例數/總例數×100%。
1.3.2 血清炎性因子及MIF水平檢測 分別抽取患者入院及治療后空腹靜脈血5 mL,5 000 r/min離心10 min,取上層血清,置于-20 ℃保存待測。采用酶聯免疫吸附試驗(ELISA)檢測患者治療前后血清MIF、白細胞介素(IL)-6、IL-1β水平,試劑盒購自Abcam公司,參照說明書進行操作。
1.3.3 血液流變學指標檢測 采集治療前后患者全血,采用SA-6600型全自動血液流變儀(南京貝登醫療股份有限公司)檢測ACI患者治療前后血流變水平,包括全血黏度、全血低切黏度和纖維蛋白原。
1.3.4 不良反應發生情況 觀測并記錄患者治療期間嘔吐、牙齦出血、肝功能異常等不良反應發生情況。
1.3.5 臨床轉歸情況 采用改良Rankin量表(mRS)評估患者發病90 d時的臨床轉歸情況,mRS≤2分為轉歸良好[9],計算轉歸良好率。
1.3.6 生活能力 采用Barthel指數評估患者治療前后的生活能力,滿分100分,分值越高,能力越強[10]。
1.4 統計學方法 采用SPSS 25.0軟件進行數據分析。
2 結果
2.1 2組患者療效比較 聯合組總有效率高于西藥組(χ2=4.710,P<0.05),見表2。
3 討論
ACI是指機體血管在短時間內閉塞后引起相應的腦組織壞死的癥狀[11]。近年來,ACI的患病率逐年上升,但治療效果及預后并不理想[12]。王詩穎等[13]研究發現,注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合常規西藥治療ACI能夠降低患者的致殘率。黃潔等[14]研究發現,替羅非班治療ACI安全有效。然而,目前注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班對ACI的療效尚未闡明。
替羅非班是非肽類GPⅡb/Ⅲa受體拮抗劑,能阻止血小板黏附和聚集。研究發現,替羅非班能促進ACI患者神經功能的修復,并抑制機體炎癥反應[15-16]。本研究結果顯示,西藥組治療ACI的總有效率為74.14%,且治療后血流變指標、炎性因子水平均降低,Barthel指數增高,提示替羅非班對ACI具有一定治療效果,這與上述研究結論一致,推測替羅非班可能通過減少血小板黏附、抑制炎癥反應,從而緩解ACI。注射用丹參多酚酸鹽有活血、化瘀、通脈的功效,能降低血清膽固醇,抑制血小板聚集,預防血栓形成,可用于治療冠心病、心絞痛等疾病。研究發現,丹參多酚酸鹽治療ACI患者的療效顯著,可抑制腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、IL-6等炎性因子的表達,改善患者的神經功能,明顯改善高齡冠心病、心絞痛患者的臨床癥狀[17-19]。本研究結果顯示,聯合組治療ACI的總有效率為89.66%,高于西藥組,且治療后Barthel指數和轉歸良好率顯著高于西藥組,提示注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班治療ACI的效果優于單獨使用替羅非班,這與劉銀芳等[20]研究結果一致,提示注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班可能對改善ACI具有積極的作用,推測其可能是通過抑制炎癥,改善患者的神經功能,進而在ACI治療中發揮功效。本研究還發現,治療后2組全血黏度、全血低切黏度、纖維蛋白原、IL-6和IL-1β水平均顯著降低,且聯合組各指標變化較西藥組明顯,進一步表明注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班可抑制ACI患者體內炎癥反應,并改善患者的血流變指標,進而緩解ACI。
MIF作為一種多能細胞調節蛋白,與多種疾病有著密切關系。有研究發現,MIF在急性髓系白血病患者中高表達,并與患者預后有關[21]。趙紅敏等[22]研究發現,ACI患者經丁苯酞聯合丹參川芎嗪注射液治療后血清MIF水平降低。這與本研究結果相似,提示該治療方案能有效降低患者MIF水平。此外,聯合組與西藥組不良反應總發生率無明顯差異,說明該治療方案安全性好,值得臨床推廣。
綜上所述,與單獨使用替羅非班相比,注射用丹參多酚酸鹽聯合替羅非班可明顯改善ACI患者的癥狀,降低患者血清MIF及炎性因子水平,改善患者血液流變學指標,提高臨床轉歸率和患者生活能力,且安全性好,具有一定的應用價值。但本研究為單中心研究,病例數較少,且目前關于此方面的研究少有報道,因此尚需進一步研究證實。
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(2024-11-11收稿 2024-11-28修回)
(本文編輯 陳麗潔)