



摘" 要:新增設施選址是設施選址問題的重要組成部分。基于就近分配的原則,文章考慮需求點權重的不確定,以新增設施建設成本最小為目標,研究一般網絡圖上的新增設施選址魯棒優(yōu)化問題。采用區(qū)間來表示需求點權重的變動范圍,通過固定組距對需求區(qū)間進行細分,并根據歷史數據信息,確定每個分區(qū)間內權重出現的概率,設計了時間復雜度為的多項式求解算法。首先,建立全局新增候選點集合,將連續(xù)候選點離散為有限個候選點,包括無服務設施的需求點、NIP點以及MP點。其次,測算新設施引入后原設施的負荷量,確保舊設施負荷量回歸正常水平。再次,設定最大建倉成本遺憾閾值P,來確保最終結果的穩(wěn)健性。最后,選擇篩選后建倉成本最小的候選點為最優(yōu)候選點。給出了簡單的數值算例,來驗證算法的可行性和有效性。
關鍵詞:新增設施選址;就近原則;魯棒優(yōu)化;最大遺憾
" 中圖分類號:U115" " 文獻標志碼:A" " DOI:10.13714/j.cnki.1002-3100.2025.07.005
Abstract: The selection of new facility locations is an important component of facility selection issues. Based on the principle of nearest allocation, this paper considers the uncertainty of demand point weights and aims to minimize the construction cost of new facilities. It studies the robust optimization problem of new facility location on a general network diagram. Using intervals to represent the range of changes in demand point weights, the demand intervals are subdivided by fixed group spacing, and the probability of weight occurrence within each cell is determined based on historical data information. A polynomial solving algorithm with time complexity Om"is designed. Firstly, establish a global set of newly added candidate points, discrete continuous candidate points into a finite number of candidate points, including demand points without service facilities, NIP points, and MP points. Secondly, calculate the load of the original facilities after the introduction of new facilities to ensure that the load of the old facilities returns to normal levels. Once again, set a maximum regret threshold P for warehouse construction costs to ensure the robustness of the final result. Finally, select the candidate point with the lowest cost of warehouse construction after screening as the optimal candidate point. A simple numerical example was provided to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
Key words: location of new facilities; accessibility; robust optimization; max regret
0" 引" 言
當下,許多設施長期處于高負荷運轉狀態(tài),部分設施由于地塊限制等原因,難以進行擴建,只能通過增加新設施來平衡整個需求網絡中的負荷量。如何在需求不確定的情況下,確定新增設施的位置,來優(yōu)化需求網絡中高負荷運轉設施的負荷量,同時最小化新增設施的建倉成本,成為了急需解決的問題。本文采用魯棒優(yōu)化方法來處理需求為區(qū)間值的新增設施選址問題,并為區(qū)間分組附加概率,基于最大后悔值法設計了新增設施選址策略。
" 現有的新增設施選址研究相對較少,根據其建立的性質,可將其分為條件型選址研究和競爭型選址研究。條件選址是在已有同類設施的前提下,通過新增設施,分擔原有設施的負荷量。Irawan et al.[1]提出了一種結合需求點聚合、變鄰域搜索(VNS)和精確方法的混合方法,用于求解大規(guī)模無條件和有條件的P-中位數問題。Berman et al.[2]通過定義一個修改的最短距離矩陣來解決網絡上的條件p-中心和p-中值問題。競爭型選址則是在存在競爭型同類設施的情況下,通過新增設施形成連鎖反應,最大程度的侵占競爭對手的市場份額,使自身市場份額最大化。Moon et al.[3]應用多種元啟發(fā)式算法來優(yōu)化競爭性設施選址問題,并評估和比較這些算法在求解CFLP模型方面的性能。Gonzalo et al.[4]針對跟隨者競爭設施位置問題,提出了基于多項式Logit的更現實的客戶選擇規(guī)則,以及基于切割生成方法的高效精確求解方法。
4" 結" 論
" 本文考慮了需求不確定,且以區(qū)間進行表示的新增設施P-魯棒優(yōu)化選址問題。針對已有舊設施存在高負荷運轉的情況、以及最大后悔值法過于保守等問題,采取負荷量以及最大后悔值雙重約束來解決。并按照固定組距對需求區(qū)間進行分區(qū)附加概率,來提升魯棒優(yōu)化結果的精確性。在達到平衡負荷量以及穩(wěn)健性的要求下,盡可能地減少新增設施的建設成本。在后續(xù)的研究中,將考慮舊設施的中斷風險,通過新增設施來減少舊設施中斷后產生的損失,并設計相應的算法進行求解。
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收稿日期:2024-03-25
作者簡介:鐘金宏(1971—),男,安徽舒城人,合肥工業(yè)大學管理學院,副教授,研究方向:物流與供應鏈管理。
引文格式:鐘金宏,王康,宣占祥,等. 基于P-魯棒優(yōu)化下新增設施選址策略研究[J]. 物流科技,2025,48(7):20-23.