中圖分類號:R758.71 文獻標志碼:A DOI:10.11958/20250019
Abstract:ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence of contact allrgic reactions to ketoconazole shampoo and selenium sulfideshampooin patients with androgenetic alopecia (AGA).MethodsAretrospectiveanalysis wasconducted on 683 AGA patients.Basedonmedical records,dermoscopy findings,fungal examinations and patch testresults,thenumberof patientswith seborheic dermatitis,Malassezia-positivecasesand contactalergyto ketoconazoleandseleniumsulfide shampoos were recorded.ResultsThe incidence of seborrheic dermatitis in AGA patients was 65.59 % ,and the Malasseziapositive rate was 42.02% . The allergy rate to ketoconazole shampoo in AGA patients was 34.70% ,whichwassignificantly higher than the 25.62% allergy rate to selenium sulfide shampoo ( Plt;0.01 ).InAGA patientswith concomitant seborrheic dermatitisandMalasseziapositivity,theallrgyrate to ketoconazolelotion was higherthan that toseleniumsulfidelotion ( Plt;0.05 ).Thepositivity rate ofMalassezia was 45.98% in seborrheic dermatitispatients,which was higher than that of the (204號 34.47% in non-seborrheic dermatitis patients ( Plt;0.01 ).Conclusion In patients with AGA,ketoconazole shampoo carries ahigher allrgyriskcompared toselenium sulfide shampoo.Long-term use of antifungal shampoosshould beavoided in patientswith AGA and conduct patch tests for drug detection when necessary.
KeyWords:alopecia; dermatitis,seborrheic; disulfides; selenium; ketoconazole;dermatitis,contact
雄激素性禿發(androgenetic alopecia,AGA)是一種非瘢痕性模式性脫發,是最常見的脫發類型,特征為脫發區域毛囊漸進性微小化及減少[1]。AGA的發病機制主要與遺傳因素、雄性激素水平以及頭皮炎癥等多種因素有關[2]。除了嚴重影響美觀,AGA患者常伴發其他頭皮疾病,其中脂溢性皮炎是最常見的一種[3]。脂溢性皮炎不僅加重頭皮的炎癥和瘙癢,還可能促進頭發進一步脫落[4]。馬拉色菌在脂溢性皮炎發病機制中具有重要作用,在治療AGA伴發的脂溢性皮炎時常使用抗真菌藥物洗劑(如酮康唑洗劑和二硫化硒洗劑)來控制由真菌過度生長引起的炎癥[5]。然而,隨著脂溢性皮炎發病率的逐漸升高,這些洗劑的使用逐漸普及,接觸性皮炎的發生率也逐漸引起了臨床關注[。接觸性皮炎不僅會削弱洗劑的治療效果,還可能通過引起額外的炎癥和不適,加劇頭皮紅斑、鱗屑、瘙癢和脫發[7]。因此,本研究通過系統評估AGA患者中脂溢性皮炎的發生率、馬拉色菌陽性率及接觸酮康唑洗劑和二硫化硒洗劑出現過敏反應的發生率,旨在分析這兩種洗劑在AGA患者中的安全性與適應性,為臨床合理選擇和使用抗真菌藥物洗劑提供更科學的依據。
1對象與方法
1.1研究對象納入2023年10月—2024年11月于我科首次就診的AGA患者683例,其中男405例,女278例,年齡15~62 歲,平均( 32.06±7.83 歲。AGA診斷標準依據《中西醫結合診療雄激素性禿發專家共識》[8]。
1.2研究方法所有患者均使用皮膚鏡(德國FotoFinder設備)檢測額角、頭頂部、頭漩及后枕部頭皮及毛發直徑,判斷是否存在脂溢性皮炎;……