動(dòng)詞不定式用法梳理

動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為“to + 動(dòng)詞原形”，其否定形式是“not to +動(dòng)詞原形”。

動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）在句中沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）作其他句子成分的?？键c(diǎn)：

◆作主語，此時(shí)常用it 作形式主語，而把動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）放在句子的后面。如：

It is good to help others.

◆作定語，常用來修飾名詞或不定代詞，放于所修飾的詞后，為后置定語。如：

Would you like something to drink？

◆want， agree， choose， decide， fail， hope， plan， would like等動(dòng)詞（短語）后跟動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語；ask， learn ， show， teach， know等動(dòng)詞后可用“疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語。如：

I’d like to help homeless people.

Can you teach me how to play the piano？

◆在find / think / feel + it + adj. +動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）結(jié)構(gòu)中，it為形式賓語，動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）為真正的賓語。如：I find it difficult to learn a language well.

◆作狀語，動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中作目的、原因、方法和結(jié)果狀語。如：

She volunteers there once a week to help kids learn to read.

◆有些動(dòng)詞，如ask ， teach ， want ， tell， allow 等可接帶to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，即構(gòu)成ask / teach / want / tell / allow sb. to do sth. 結(jié)構(gòu)，其否定式為ask / teach / want / tell sb not to do sth。如：

You can ask the hospital to let you visit the kids and cheer them up.

注意：在let， make， see， feel， watch， hear等使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞后， 常跟不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語。如：

It makes me feel excited to watch National Women’s Volleyball Team’s matches.

◆作表語。如：His dream is to be a doctor.

注意：（1） like， love， begin， start 等動(dòng)詞既可以跟不定式，也可以跟動(dòng)詞?ing 形式作賓語，意義差別不大。

（2） forget， remember， stop， try等動(dòng)詞后既可以跟動(dòng)詞不定式，也可以跟動(dòng)詞?ing形式，但是意義不同。

中考真題（節(jié)選語法填空題）

1. （2024·四川·南充） If I could live as long as 130， would you still say that it is too late for me （start） after 60？” she says jokingly.

2. （2024·四川·自貢） （get） better at designing （設(shè)計(jì)）， Wan studied fine art in college.

3. （2024·四川·宜賓） If you would like （buy） some food， you can scan （掃描） a special code on the arm of your seat. Follow the steps to order， and the salesperson will bring it to you.

4. （2024·湖北·武漢） （develop） China’s own IPs， some theme parks make good use of traditional Chinese culture， and others focus on films about Chinese stories.

5. （2024·山東·煙臺(tái)） （produce） mooncakes， you’ll need a mold （模具）. Molds are available in different sizes and depths.

6. （2024·貴州） Her husband asked da Vinci （paint） a portrait （肖像） of her.

7. （2024·湖南） The quality （品質(zhì)） was good， but I wanted to do something different， so I decided （have） a different menu.

8. （2024·廣東·深圳） My teacher noticed my strong arms and encouraged me （try） it，” said Ole. When he was asked the secret of his success...

9. （2024·內(nèi)蒙古·包頭） The match allowed Chinese and French youths

（improve） their competitive skills， friendship， and sow the seeds for future cooperation between the two sides，” said by a French officer.

10. （2024·青海） They didn’t have phones with cameras like us， so Wu wanted" " " " （help） them take pictures.

11. （2024·吉林·長(zhǎng)春） I really hoped （catch） the warm scene with my camera and I did it.

12. （2024·遼寧） Before starting， make sure how many points you want （reach）.

13. （2024·四川·德陽(yáng)） Finally he agreed （teach） me how to make clay figurines，” Mi said. Learning clay figurines was difficult. However， he never thought of giving up halfway.

參考答案：

1. to start 2. To get 3. to buy 4. To develop 5. To produce 6. to paint 7. to have 8. to try 9. to improve 10. to help 11. to catch 12. to reach 13. to teach