用簡縮從句法簡縮定語從句

〔關鍵詞〕 簡縮；定語從句；分詞；動詞不定式；形容詞短語；介詞短語

〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 Ｃ

〔文章編號〕 1004—0463（2008）04（Ａ）—0056—０1

一、用分詞簡縮定語從句

從句的謂語動詞如果表示“進行、一般或過去”狀態，可簡縮為現在分詞短語。如果從句的謂語動詞是被動結構或先行詞是從句動作的承受者，則用過去分詞短語簡縮。如：

1. Who is that man that is talking with our headmaster？

→Who is that man talking with our headmaster？

2. The woman who works in the company is an engineer.

→The woman working in the company is an engineer.

3. A man who wore a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

→A man wearing a pair of sunglasses was seen sitting in the corner.

4. He told me the people that were taking photos there were foreigners.

→He told me the people taking photos there were foreigners.

5. I bought a novel that was written by the young writer.

→I bought a novel written by the young writer.

6. The dinner which your mother cooked yesterday tasted good.

→The dinner cooked by your mother yesterday tasted good.（先行詞dinner是從句謂語動詞cooked的承受者，故減縮為cooked）

二、用動詞不定式簡縮定語從句

定語從句里的謂語動詞如果表示一個發生過的一次行為或將要發生的動作，或具有情態意義，則從句往往可簡縮為不定式短語。如：

1. He is the first man who flew over the Pacific.

→He is the first man to fly over the Pacific.

2. The next bus which John will take is from Chicago.

→The next bus for john to take is from Chicago.

3. There’s something wrong with the computer by which he wants to type his article.

→There’s something wrong with the computer for him to type his article by.

4. It’s the time that they should plant some trees.

→It’s the time for them to plant some trees.

5. The best dictionary that the students can use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.

→The best dictionary for the students to use is the New English-Chinese Dictionary.

三、用形容詞短語簡縮定語從句

如果定語從句的謂語為系表結構，并且表語是形容詞短語，那么，整個定語從句通?？珊喛s為形容詞短語。如：

1. Our headmaster is a person who is always full of cofidence.

→Our headmaster is a person always full of confidence.

2. Soldiers must be the persons that are not afraid of death.

→Soldiers must be the persons not afraid of death.

3. He’s not a man who is aware of his shortcomings.

→He’s not a man aware of his shortcomings.

4. We need some people who are skillful enough to do the jobs.

→We need some people skillful enough to do the jobs.

5. The girls，who were afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.

→The girls，afraid of being late，hurried away without a word.

四、用介詞短語簡縮定語從句

如果定語從句的謂語為系表結構，并且表語是介詞短語或近似介詞短語，那么定語從句往往可以簡縮為介詞短語。如：

1. The boy who is at the gate of the park is an orphan.

→The boy at the gate of the park is an orphan.

2. The building which stands near the hospital used to be a bank.

→The building near the hospital used to be a bank.

3. The man pointed at the boy who was in front of the house.

→The man pointed at the boy in front of the house.

4. The student that held a thick book in his hand was a friend of mine.

→The student with a thick book in his hand ws a friend of mine.

5. In our school，there are many teachers who are from foreign countries.

→In our school，there are many teachers from foreign countries.

6. I haven’t read many novels which were written by Ba Jing.

→I haven’t read many novels（written）by Ba Jing.