“如何猜測詞義”英語專題復習課教學思路

英語知識專題復習是高三英語復習課的重頭戲，很多老師都感慨要上好一節專題復習課很難。復習課難上的原因是備課難即教學設計難。教學理論告訴我們教學設計的核心是對教學內容的提煉與整合，要想實施高效益的教學，教師就要花大量時間在課前整合復習內容，合理設定目標，進行教學設計。今年高三復習，筆者特別關注如何提高課堂教學的針對性和有效性，實施了新的教學設計。現對所上過的一節專題復習課“如何猜測詞義”進行回顧與反思。

一、課前準備過程

在高三復習中，學生在做閱讀理解題時，猜測詞義的題往往正確率較低，而這類題在高考中一般會有三道題左右。所以學生主動要求老師為他們增加猜測詞義的技巧和方法方面的知識。為此，我為這節專題復習課作了充分的準備，從三方面作了考慮：一是設計一個吸引學生的課堂導入；二是收集以往有代表性的高考題，讓學生了解和思考；三是準備一些有實效性的練習內容，進行補充加強。

二、課堂導入設計

經過認真思考后，筆者決定突出課堂導入的新穎性和趣味性。首先在powerpoint課件上展現一個生詞“ocelot”請同學們猜其詞義。然后出示一段文字：In fact， only about 80 ocelots， an endangered wild cat， exist in the U.S. today（2005年高考浙江卷）。通過下文中對該詞的解釋，好些學生都可以猜測出其詞義為：一種瀕臨滅絕的野貓。這時再打出這堂課的題目：Practical Skills in Word Guessing。這個游戲式的課堂導入立即抓住了學生的注意力，讓學生明白遇到生詞時，通過掌握一定的技巧和方法，可以從上下文中猜測出其詞義來。

三、介紹猜測詞義的技巧及方法

讓學生回顧以往做過的測驗題及練習題，并從中推導出解題的方法。這種以練習為主、重復訓練的方式，提高了課堂教學的實效性。學生的練在前，推導在后，老師的講在關鍵處，做到了復習的最優化。這堂課上，筆者所選用的題目都是學生以往做過的：

1． Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ， usually the male， claims as its own.（2005年湖北卷）

根據定義可推測其詞義為： 動物地盤

2． He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats，swallowing fire， and other similar tricks.

根據定語從句猜測詞義為：變戲法的人

3． Tornadoes (violent and destructive whirl wind)normally occur on hot， humid (a little wet) day， but not necessarily in the summer.

根據標點符號內的解釋猜測詞義為：旋風；潮濕的

4． William Shakespeare said，“The web of our life is of a mingled yarn(紗線)， good and ill together.”（2005年江蘇卷）

The underlined word “mingled” in most probably means?_______?.

A. simple B. mixed

C. sad D. happy

根據同義詞、近義詞猜測詞義為：B

5． I feel that since you are my superior ， it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”（2005年上海卷）

The word “presumptuous” is closest in meaning to_________.

A． full of respect

B． too confident and rude

C． lacking in experience

D． too shy and quiet

根據因果關系猜測詞義為：B

6． A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.What does the underlined word “hassle” probably mean? （2002年NMET）

A. a party designed by specialists

B. a plan requiring careful thought

C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

D. a demand made by guests

根據對比關系猜測詞義為：C

7． ...said Emily Cornette， head of a chapter of the 7-year-old Red Hat Society. (05全國卷)

A. one branch of an organization

B. a written agreement of a club

C. one part of a collection of poems

D. a period in a society’s history

根據經驗常識猜測詞義為：A

8． Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

根據構詞法猜測詞義為：男女同校教育的

四、教師堂上小結

根據同學們推斷出的這些結論，老師再做一些提綱挈領的總結：

1． 猜測詞義題常見的題干有：

1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？

2) The word... could best be replaced by.

3) In the... paragraph， the word... means … (refers to…).

4) According to the passage，... probably means...

5) The author uses the word... to mean...

2． 猜測詞義的技巧：

一是通過上下文猜詞，即根據一個詞所處的具體的語言環境，運用有關線索，如同義詞、反義詞、舉例、重述或定義等推測詞義，也可以運用邏輯推理和其他的知識，如生活經驗、普通常識等推斷詞義。

二是通過構詞法猜測詞義，指依靠構詞法方面的知識，從生詞本身猜測詞義，包括合成法(compounding)、派生法(derivation)和轉化法(conversion)，合成法: handwriting， mass-produce；派生法: worker， widen， unhappy， irregular；轉化法: visit our school， pay a visit to our school.

五、課堂有效練習及講評

在學生領悟和弄清了閱讀理解題目中的猜測詞義題“考什么”“怎么考”后，老師再按照高考的命題要求和規律，為學生精心選編練習。練習過程中要重視利用學生資源，采用學生相互講評和老師講評相結合、集體講評和個別點評相結合、重點講評和一筆帶過講評相結合的方式，抓大放小，特別注重講與不講的細節，講多講少的細節。引導學生進行認真總結，通過講評找準自己的薄弱環節，提高復習的針對性、有效性，幫助學生逐步掌握猜測詞義題的解題方法和解題技能。

這堂課上筆者所選用的練習如下：

Word Guessing Exercises:

What do the following underlined words most probably mean?

1. Ventilation， as you know， is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.

ventilation:_________

2. A person or thing beyond comparison， a model of excellence， is known as a paragon.

paragon:_________

3. The new tax law supersedes， or replaces， the law that was in effect last year.

supersede：_________

4. Mother was tall， fat and middle-aged. The principal of the school was an older woman， almost as plump as mother， and much shorter.

plump：_________

5. In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now， however， everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.

in a state of turmoil:_________

……

（答案：1. 通風 2. 模范人物3. 取代，接替4. 肥胖的5. 一片混亂）

Multiple Choice:

1. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbors all called her an eccentric lady.

An eccentric lady is likely

_________.

A. to get along with easily

B. to be different from most people

C. to be humor and lovely

D. to be serious and beloved

2. Before the main business of a conference begins， the chairman usually makes a short preliminary speech， or makes a few preliminary remarks. In other words， he says a few things by way of introduction.

What do the underlined words “preliminary speech” mean?

A. A speech to give a brief introduction.

B. A speech to make the atmosphere active.

C. A speech to attract the attention of the listeners.

D. A speech to make the listeners laugh.

……

（答案：1. B2. A）

六、課后反思及改進

這節課強調以練習為主線，讓學生在較輕松愉快的情境中接觸往年的高考題，通過大量的課堂練習來加深印象，鞏固基礎。整堂課容量大，設計緊緊抓住學生的興趣。學生普遍反映對猜測詞義題已懂得從何處入手，并表示會在課后去找更多的同類練習來進行鞏固。

這節復習課存在的問題是對知識點的講解較膚淺，缺乏更系統、更深入地挖掘，堂上的一些練習也難度較大，學生感到有壓力。改進之處是：應將構詞法這一系統的知識提前編排好，并在課前發給學生預習；另外應補充一些與閱讀文章配套的較完整的猜測詞義的課后練習進行加強鞏固。

責任編輯潘孟良