摘 要:高中英語寫作教學(xué)往往是英語教學(xué)的難點(diǎn),許多英語教師也常常感覺到是“講一大片,寫一大片,學(xué)生的語法錯(cuò)誤還是一大片”。究其原因,沒有調(diào)動學(xué)生個(gè)體的的學(xué)習(xí)積極性,沒有讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)到英語寫作的樂趣。本文從學(xué)生主體學(xué)習(xí),合作學(xué)習(xí)出發(fā),探究如何激勵(lì)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)自主性,提高其英語寫作水平。
關(guān)鍵詞:寫作教學(xué) 主體學(xué)習(xí) 合作學(xué)習(xí)
英語教師們在提高學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的四大基本技能——聽說讀寫時(shí),大都有感寫作水平是最難提高的。因?yàn)橐雽懗鲆稽c(diǎn)像樣的東西來,學(xué)生本身應(yīng)有一定的英語基礎(chǔ)知識和英語理解力作鋪墊。這樣,盡管教師們在講臺上竭盡所能地道出一條條規(guī)則,說出一系列方法來指導(dǎo)學(xué)生的作文,很多學(xué)生的寫作水平還是在原地踏步,不見起色,原因是教師們沒有從學(xué)生的實(shí)際出發(fā),沒有摸清學(xué)生的英語底子,更重要的是沒有發(fā)揮學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)自主性,讓他們自己去探究、去發(fā)現(xiàn)。所以,筆者認(rèn)為,要提高學(xué)生的英語寫作水平,從廣泛的層次來說,應(yīng)該從兩個(gè)方面來做文章:第一,要通過調(diào)研來了解學(xué)生的本來面目,徹底弄清他們的基礎(chǔ)到底如何,哪些方面較強(qiáng)哪些方面較弱,應(yīng)從哪個(gè)層次來培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語寫作水平。第二,激發(fā)學(xué)生的寫作興趣,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)以及合作學(xué)習(xí)。
在東山學(xué)校高一11月份的摸底考試中,有這樣一道作文題:“假如你是一名建筑工人,名叫李華。在修建地基時(shí)挖出一些古代文物。一部分人建議賣掉,可以得到一些錢,但你不同意。請你用英語給編輯寫一封信反映此情況,闡明你的理由,并提出建議。”在閱卷之后,若仔細(xì)分析,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)生有這樣的問題:首先,單詞量太小,好幾處不會將其譯成中文,或譯得太模糊,不確切。如將“挖出”譯為find,discover等,將“賣掉”譯為buy。其次,詞組應(yīng)用受到負(fù)遷移的影響,使用錯(cuò)誤。如“建議賣掉”譯成suggest me to sell them。然后,審題不認(rèn)真。文章最后明明有要求,“并提出建議”,許多學(xué)生卻忘了。那么教師應(yīng)該怎樣指導(dǎo)學(xué)生呢?是按照傳統(tǒng)的以“教師為中心”的策略,對學(xué)生們犯的錯(cuò)誤大講,將知識一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)地喂給學(xué)生,然后就把范文一抄了事嗎?那樣,學(xué)生聽起來枯燥無味,下次寫文章時(shí),還是會犯一些老毛病。
事實(shí)上,我們應(yīng)該根據(jù)《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》來實(shí)施我們的教學(xué)。在教學(xué)原則中,它就講道:“教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生主動學(xué)習(xí),鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生通過體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐、討論、合作和探究等方式,練習(xí)使用語言技能。要為學(xué)生獨(dú)立學(xué)習(xí)留有空間和時(shí)間,使學(xué)生有機(jī)會通過聯(lián)想、推理和歸納等思維活動用英語分析問題和解決問題、獲得經(jīng)驗(yàn)、增強(qiáng)自信、提高能力。”我們應(yīng)該怎么做呢?下面我以東山學(xué)校高一18班為例來具體講解:
第一,把幾個(gè)成績一般的學(xué)生的原創(chuàng)文章做成Word文檔,教師不作變動,讓學(xué)生們自己利用幾分鐘來發(fā)現(xiàn)問題。從詞匯、語法、句型等多方面來著手,看有哪些不妥之處,應(yīng)該如何修改,這樣就處理了難點(diǎn)問題。學(xué)生們找出了以下幾組詞的原型、過去式以及過去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞,形式很難把握,意義也容易混淆。
lay,laid,laid,laying(放置到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫?/p>
lie,lay,lain,lying(位于,躺下)
find,found,found(發(fā)現(xiàn),找到)
found,founded,founded(建立,成立)
sell,sold,sold(出售,賣出)
下列詞組的使用,“建議”的單復(fù)數(shù)也易弄錯(cuò):
advise sb to do sth.
suggest / advise that sb should do sth.
give sb some advice / suggestions
第二,把成績優(yōu)秀的學(xué)生的原創(chuàng)文章做成Word文檔,教師不作變動,讓學(xué)生們看看哪些句子詞組用得好,摘抄下來,用心去記憶,這就處理了文章的重點(diǎn)問題。我選用了以下四位學(xué)生的文章,有下劃線的是學(xué)生們共同指出來的值得學(xué)習(xí)的地道的句子。
十八班黃俏俏
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua,I’m a builder. I found some cultural relics when I was laying a foundation. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can get much money to change my life. But I disagreed.
In my opinion,the cultural relics are a kind of wealth of our country,not mine. If I sell them,I’ll be against the law,and our country will be damaged. So I think I should show them to the government. Also they can be saved by the National Museum.
Sincerely
Li Hua
王歡
Dear editor,
How are you? My name is Li Hua. I am a builder. I have something to tell you. I found some cultural relics when I was laying a foundation. I was very surprised. I don’t know what to do. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can earn a great deal of money. But I didn’t agree. I don’t think they are mine. I think I should send them to the government. Do you think so? I wish more and more people could protect the cultural relics.
Best wishes!
Li Hua
付彪
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua. I’m a builder. I’m really happy as I found some ancient cultural relics when I laid a foundation several days ago. I’m very excited but I don’t know how to deal with these. Some people suggest that we sell them. In that way,I could get some money,but I disagreed.
I think cultural relics are our country’s wealth,we should protect them. In my opinion,we should give them to our country. I think it is the best way to protect these cultural relics.
Yours
Li Hua
曹磊
Dear editor,
My name is Li Hua. I’m a builder. When I laying a foundation lately I found several cultural relics. I’m amazed. Some people advised me to sell them so that I could achieve some money. But I don’t think so. In my opinion ,the cultural relics are an important part of our country’s culture. If I sell them,it will be a big lose for our country. So I decided to tell the government,because the wealth belongs to everyone. I believe the government will take good care of them. Do you think so?
Yours
Li Hua
第三,讓學(xué)生分組討論,如何構(gòu)建一篇佳作,用哪些連詞連成文章,這就完成了最后的“信息輸出”問題了。幾分鐘后,某組學(xué)生創(chuàng)造出了下列只用了六句話但言簡意賅的地道范文。
Dear editor,
I dug out some ancient cultural relics when I was laying a foundation with other builders and I was very surprised. I don’t know how to deal with these. Some people advised me to sell them so that I can get much money to improve my life.I disagreed,because cultural relics belong to our country and they are an important part of our country’s traditional culture. If I sell them,it will be a great lose to our country. So I think I should show them to the government.
Yours
Li Hua
總之,教師們一定要深入鉆研新《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》,吸收新的教學(xué)理念,嘗試新的教學(xué)策略,心甘情愿從“絕對中心”地位退下來,讓學(xué)生充當(dāng)學(xué)習(xí)的主人翁,讓學(xué)生不斷體驗(yàn),不斷收獲,使學(xué)生們在英語學(xué)習(xí)方面,聽、說、讀,尤其是寫作技能有突破性的進(jìn)展,讓學(xué)生真正成為自主學(xué)習(xí)的主力軍。
參考文獻(xiàn):
[1]教育部.普通高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(實(shí)驗(yàn))[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.