在英語教學(xué)中,經(jīng)常會(huì)碰到這樣的問題:學(xué)生讀了多年的英語,卻依舊讀不懂英文報(bào)紙、看不懂原版電影。究其原因,主要是因?yàn)槠渲杏写罅康姆钦奖磉_(dá)法,也就是我們所說的俚語等,這些表達(dá)法經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在報(bào)刊雜志和人們的日常口語中,構(gòu)成了學(xué)生理解上的困難。因此,在我們平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,不妨經(jīng)常穿插講解一些英語非正式表達(dá)法,既可以提高他們的閱讀和聽力理解能力,也可以增加他們的學(xué)習(xí)興趣。如以下所列,就是一些和動(dòng)物有關(guān)的非正式表達(dá)法。
在大量的俚語中,有很多是和動(dòng)物有關(guān)的,如大家熟悉的the straw that broke the camel’s back(壓垮駱駝背的稻草),意為(一系列重壓、打擊中)終于使人不能忍受的最后一擊。如:One of the employees makes many mistakes but the boss is very patient with him.But yesterday,he made a very big mistake in the budget and that was the straw that broke the camel’s back. The boss fired him.(有位雇員犯了很多錯(cuò),但老板對他還是很耐心,但昨天他在預(yù)算中犯了一個(gè)大錯(cuò),老板最終忍無可忍,解雇了他。)
I killed two birds with one stone.(一石二鳥),意為做一件事情達(dá)到二個(gè)目的,相當(dāng)于漢語中的“一箭雙雕”,如:I must go to Beijing for business and I also must visit my sister who lives in Beijing.If I go to Beijing next week,I can kill two birds with one stone.(我要去北京出差,我也要去看望我在北京的姐姐,如果我下周去北京的話,我就可以一箭雙雕了。)而如果你從某人那里得到一個(gè)消息,你又不想告訴其他人是誰告訴你的,你就可以巧妙地說:“A little bird told me!”如,A:How did you find out that the boss was going to resign?B:Oh,I don’t want to tell you how I found out.Let’s just say that a little bird told me.
What’s good for the goose is good for the gander.這里的goose和gander 分指雌鵝和雄鵝,意為適用于甲者,也適用于乙,對別人怎樣,對自己也應(yīng)怎樣。如,A:The managers have decided that in future,if staff are late to work,their pay will be docked accordingly.B:Well,what’s good for the goose is good for the gander.The same policy should also apply to any manager who arrives at work late.(A:經(jīng)理們決定,以后職工上班遲到的話要被扣薪。B:好吧,你對別人怎樣,對自己也應(yīng)怎樣,同樣的政策也應(yīng)適用于上班遲到的經(jīng)理。)而“My goose is cooked.”卻不是一件好事,形容我有麻煩了。如:When the boss finds out that I have accidentally deleted all his computer files,my goose will be cooked.當(dāng)老板發(fā)現(xiàn)我無意中刪掉了他所有的電腦文件時(shí),我就要有麻煩了。
I’m a chicken.意為我很膽小。而“I’m no spring chicken.”意為我不再年輕。如:My husband is worried about finding another job at his age. After all,he is no spring chicken. (我丈夫擔(dān)心在他這個(gè)年齡能否再找到一份工作,畢竟,他不再是個(gè)年輕人了。)I chickened out.表示我因?yàn)楹ε露艞壸瞿呈拢R陣退縮。如:I planned to ask the boss for a pay increase today,but I chickened out at the last moment.(我計(jì)劃好了今天去向老板要求加薪,但最后還是膽怯不敢去了。)count one’s chickens(蛋尚未孵,先數(shù)小雞),意為指望得過早,樂觀過早,如:Do you really think you’ll be made chairman of the board?You are counting your chickens!(你真以為你能當(dāng)上董事長?你的如意算盤打得太早了!)
如果你是從當(dāng)事人那里直接得知某事,所以你確信這個(gè)消息是正確的,你可以說:“I heard it straight from the horse’s mouth.”而如果你想說不要對別人的禮物或幫助吹毛求疵,不領(lǐng)情時(shí),你可以說:“Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth.”如,A:My colleague offered to help me write the annual report,but I said no.B:Don’t look a gift horse in the mouth,your colleague will be a lot of help to you.(A:我的同事主動(dòng)提出幫我寫年度報(bào)告,但我拒絕了。B:別不領(lǐng)情啦,你的同事會(huì)對你有很大幫助的。)
此外,like a bear with a sore head形容脾氣暴躁。如:When I’m tired,I’m like a bear with a sore head.(當(dāng)我很累的時(shí)候,我的脾氣會(huì)很暴躁。)the rat race用來形容繁忙的、競爭激烈的都市生活。如:When I retire,I want to get out of the rat race.形容某事激怒了某人,我們可以說“It’s like waving a red rag at a bull.”而donkey’s years 意為很久,多年,如:I went to Shanghai last week,I haven’t been there for donkey’s years.(我上周去了上海,我已經(jīng)多年沒去那里了。)
形容在新的環(huán)境里不舒服,不自在,可以說to feel like a fish out of water.(像離開水的魚)。形容某地空間太小,可以說“There was no room to swing a cat.”如:I don’t like my new office.There’s no room to swing a cat.(我不喜歡我的新辦公室,它太小了。)