發現式語法教學的實踐與思考

熊春紅

2008年高中英語課程改革啟用新教材,采用發現式語法教學是本套教材編寫和課堂教學倡導的新思路。它有兩個主要特點:1.教材一般不簡單羅列或直接講解語法結構和規則,而是引導學生通過觀察、歸納、對比、總結等方法發現語法規則;2.語法學習與語言運用相結合,學習語法的目的是為了運用。

“呈現—發現--歸納—實踐—活用”是本套教科書的語法教學模式。本文以模塊二《Unit3 Computers》為例,談談本人對英語語法的教學實踐。

一、 呈現

依據教材編排,一個單元基本只介紹一個語法點。在每個單元的Discovering Useful Structure 環節的第一部分常呈現出本單元的重點語法項目。在Module2的《Unit3 Computers》中呈現的例句是Over timeI have been changed a lot.

二、發現

然后,筆者要求學生根據P21給出的例句,到Reading Passage中去尋找類似的句子。兩分鐘后,同學們就找出I never forget anything Ihave been told.Ihave been putinto robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.等句子。

三、歸納

句子找出來后,鼓勵同學們認真觀察,自己歸納語法結構形式和功能。在眾多的例句面前,不少同學都能總結出Present Percent Passive Voice的結構為have + been + VPP.在此基礎上,引導同學們補充出它的另一種結構:has + been + Vpp 自然是水到渠成了。

四、實踐

要使學生真正掌握所學的語法內容,必須設置一些相關的語法練習。語法練習的設置要具有層次性,一般包括結構認知性練習、控制和指導練習、交流性練習。

在本單元,筆者給學生準備了以下練習:

Ⅰ. Change the following sentences into present perfect passive voice.

1.The scientists have developed a kind of intelligent robot.

2.The shop has repaired my computer very quickly.

3.We have not solved the problem yet.

4.An unknown virus has just attacked my computer.

Ⅱ.Complete the following passage with the verbs in brackets, using the present perfect passive voice.

Notice to parents

Dear parents,

We hope you will welcome this news.

Almost 100 computers ________(give) to us by a local computer company since the end of last year. A decision ________(make) that we will begin a computer teaching experiment in our school. So every teacher _________(provide)with a laptop since the beginning of this term.……

No.7 Middle School

12/08/2008

五、活用

語言的學習是為了運用。同樣,語法的學習也只有在運用中才能鞏固掌握。第二天,筆者在課堂上通過口頭交談的方式把頭一天學的句型和時態結構復習了一遍。 然后,筆者把have/has +been +Vpp 寫在黑板上.“ What would you like to say?”同學們立刻心領神會,紛紛舉手,造出了如A new English dictionaryhas been boughtby my parents for me. Many treeshave been plantedin the park. 等句子。

當然,有些語法知識涉及內容多而雜,如定語從句、名詞性從句等教師不可能在一節課中讓學生融會貫通、學以致用,只能是分步進行、由簡入深、循序漸進。在學完一個語法知識點后,教師要在課堂上反復呈現,從而喚起學生的記憶,并通過作業設計測試同學們的掌握程度,培養學生運用語法規則的能力,讓學生在語言交際中運用語法規則,在運用中逐步掌握語法規則。◆(作者單位:江西省新建縣第三中學)

□責任編輯:廖淑芳