介詞和介詞短語

【知識梳理】

介詞[preposition = pre-(在……前部)+ position(位置)， 所以又叫前置詞]，一般放在名詞、代詞或動名詞的前面。

介詞是虛詞，主要用來表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件之間的關系，如空間位置、時間先后、因果關系、方式方法等。

介詞與其賓語叫介詞短語。可作介詞賓語的主要有名詞、代詞、動名詞(或動名詞短語)、名詞性從句等。此外，在某些情況下，數詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式等也可作介詞的賓語。介詞短語在句中可作表語、定語、狀語和補語等。

一、介詞的分類

二、常用介詞用法比較

1. in， on， at

2. in， after

3. with， by， in

4. besides， except， except for

5. as， like

6. by， until

三、介詞with的復合結構

【閱讀欣賞】

閱讀下列短文，注意介詞的應用:

【靈活運用】

一、單句填空 按照下面句子結構的語法性， 在空格處填入一個適當的介詞。

1. The accident is reported to have occurred______the first Sunday in February.

2. In order to change attitudes______employing women， the government is bringing in new laws.

3. —How long has this bookshop been in business?

—______1982.

4. The train leaves at 6∶00 pm. So I have to be at the station______5∶40 pm at the latest.

5. ______production up by 60%， the company has had another excellent year.

6. We offered him our congratulations______his passing the college entrance exams.

7. Rose was wild with joy______the result of the examination.

8. The number of the employees has grown from 1，000 to 1，200. This means it has risen______20%.

9. Hari and Gani walked toward each other on a country road. Hari carried a bag______his shoulder.

10. He was there______what seemed like hours. I admire him for his patience.

11.______the crowds cheering， the movie star went into her car.

12. He was sitting in the chair______his hands folded.

二、句子翻譯 將下列句子翻譯成英語，注意劃線部分的介詞使用。

1. 我將在六月十四日十點半見你。

2. 除了他妻子，他的女兒也去看他。

3. 很可惜那位偉大的作家未完成他的著作就死了。

4. 碰巧在運動會那天天氣非常冷。

5. 他只穿著一件襯衣在太陽下干活。

6. 試試這件紅色短裙吧，你穿著它很好看。

7. 手里拿著綠色雨傘的那個女人是誰?

8. 我十天之后見你。

9. Jane下了出租車。

10. 表演期間要保持安靜。

三、篇章運用 閱讀下面短文，按照句子結構的語法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空格處填入適當的介詞。

This is our first real holiday (1)______ages， and I’m enjoying it greatly. I love being (2)______an island. We arrived here almost a week ago and I can’t believe the time is going so fast. We finally completed the journey here (3)______Friday evening (4)______about eleven o’clock. The journey wasn’t too bad， but we had to wait ages (5) ______the airport (6)______our flight. Our apartment here is fine. It’s (7)______the top floor. The beach isn’t far away —— we can walk there (8)______five minutes. The only problem is that we have to get (9)______a busy main road， which can be difficult. We don’t do much (10)______the day， but we go out every evening. Last night’s disco went on very late， and today we slept (11)______eleven.

參考答案

一、單句填空

1. on。表示在具體的某一天，用介詞on。

2. towards。an attitude towards...是固定搭配，表示“對……的態度”。

3. Since。問句用的是現在完成時，又是延續性動詞。

4. by。句意“火車六點鐘離開，所以我得不遲于5:40趕到火車站”。

5. With。考查“with + 賓語+賓補”的結構，該句的with復合結構表示原因。

6. on。congratulate和congratulations與介詞on搭配。

7. at。該句用at表示原因，又如:jump at the good news。

8. by。介詞by用來表示增減或升降的幅度。

9. over。over表示位置，“在……上方”。

10. for。for表示時間的延續。

11. with。后接復合結構。

12. with。后接復合結構。

二、句子翻譯

1. I’ll meet you at 10.30 on Monday， June 14.

2. Besides his wife， his daughter also went to see him.

3. It was a pity that the great writer died with his works unfinished.

4. It happened to be very cold on the morning of our sports meeting.

5. He was working in the sun with only a shirt on.

6. Try on this red skirt; you will look great in it.

7. Who’s the woman with a green umbrella in her hand?

8. I’ll see you in ten days’ time.

9. Jane has got out of the taxi.

10. Please keep quiet during the performance.

三、篇章運用

1. for2. on3. on4. at4. on5. at6. for7. on8. in9. across10. during11. until

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