根據并列相關原則解答完形填空題

所謂并列相關原則，就是指由and或or等連接的并列成分之間原則上總會有一定的相關性，如因果關系、同類關系、類屬關系或相對關系等。因此，解答完形填空題時，分析并列成分與選項之間的關系，有助于選出正確選項。也就是說，與并列成分有相關性的選項可能就是要選擇的答案，而沒有相關性的選項可以排除。

一、因果關系

就是相互并列的詞語在邏輯上有因果關系。

[例1] These tell the story of a mother whose baby grows____and pale and has changed so much that it is almost unrecognizable to the parents. (2008年廣東高考23題)

A. sickB. slimC. shortD. small

[解析]由并列相關性原則可知，選項中只有ill才與pale有相關性(因果關系)，即因為“生病”，所以臉色才會“蒼白”，故選A。而pale與“slim(苗條的)”“short(矮的)”“small(小的)”沒有相關性，應排除。

二、同類關系

就是相互并列的詞語在意義上是同類關系。

[例2]Edgar Allan Poe， whose life was short and seemingly unhappy， wrote stories and poems of mystery and_____， insanity(瘋狂) and death. (2009屆佛山二模22題)

A. happinessB. scienceC. societyD. terror

[解析]因為只有terror(恐怖)才與mystery(神秘)、insanity(瘋狂)和death(死亡)是表示同類意義的名詞，而“happiness(幸福)”“science(科學)”或“society(社會)”與“神秘”“瘋狂”不屬同類意義的詞語，沒有相關性，應排除，故選D。

三、類屬關系

就是相互并列的兩個詞語在概念上有類屬關系。

[例3]Edgar Allan Poe is also remembered as the father of modern detective fiction， stories of an investigator who has to solve murders and other_____. (2009屆佛山二模27題)

A. accidentsB. crimesC. eventsD. incidents

[解析]因為“murder(兇殺)”是各種“crimes(犯罪)”行為中的一種，所以與“murder(兇殺)”并列應是“其他各種犯罪行為”，故選B。

四、相對關系

就是相互并列的詞語在意義上可能是相反或相對關系。

[例4] When Christ was born nearly two thousand years ago， many people， rich and _____， gave him presents.

A. illB. healthyC. poorD. tall

[解析]由句意可知，應當是指“耶穌出生時，許多人，無論貧富，都給他禮物”，故選擇與rich相對意義的poor，即選C。

即時練習

1. Nobel was upset to find out not that he had died， but that， when his time was up， he would be thought of only as one who profited from ___________ and destruction. (2009年廣東高考25題)

A. deathB. diseaseC. troubleD. attack

2. The poverty(貧困) was worse than anything my young companions had ever imagined. Back in the hotel， an air of sadness settled over the group. Many ______ and cried. (2009年浙江28題)

A. gave upB. broke downC. set offD. held on

3. It’s not easy being a teenager-nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry， hurt， or ____________ by what you say without realizing it yourself.

A. dismissedB. misunderstood

C. misledD. satisfied

4. ...my mother said that we might soon be leaving for America ...I was saying goodbye to my friends and relatives. When we were leaving I thought about all the places I was going to see-—the strange and ____________ places I had known only from books and pictures.

A. unfrequentedB. remote

C. differentD. magical

5. When students and parents are asked to rate subjects according to their importance， the arts are unavoidably at the bottom of the list. Music is nice， people seem to say， but not important... This view is shortsighted. In fact， music education is ____________ and important for all students.

A. beneficialB. available

C. expensiveD. powerful

答案與解析

1. A。與destruction(毀滅)并列應當是death(死亡)，故選A。

2. B。與cried(哭)并列應當是break down(情緒失控)，故選B。

3. B。與angry(生氣)和hurt(傷害)意義相關的應當是misunderstood(誤解)，故選B。

4. D。與strange(陌生的)并列應當是magical(神奇的)，故選D。

5. A。與important(重要的)并列，且符合語境的，應當是beneficial(有益的)，句意為:“音樂教育對所有學生來說，是有益的，也是重要的。”

責任編校蔣小青