句式變換導練

在英語寫作中雖然提倡使用各類從句，但一定要使用恰當且適量。好的作文，應當是既有長句也要有短句，既要有復合句也要有較為高級的簡單句。如用狀語從句或定語從句來表達的內容，不但同樣可以用非謂語動詞短語來表達，而且更為簡潔，也仍屬高級結構。

請將下面的復合句改為簡單句。

一、將下列含時間狀語從句的復合句改為簡單句。

1. When I saw him， I smiled.

2. When the park is seen at the top of the mountain， it looks very beautiful.

二、將下列含條件狀語從句的復合句改為簡單句。

3. If you work hard， you will succeed one day.

4. I won’t go there unless I am invited.

三、將下列含原因狀語從句的復合句改為簡單句。

5. Since she was ill， she couldn’t attend the meeting.

6. Because she was deeply moved by what he had done， she could not help crying.

四、將下列含定語從句的復合句改為簡單句。

7. The man who is standing there is our English teacher.

8. The road which was built last year is wide.

9. The road which is to be built next year is long

10. The road which is being built now is very wide.

答案及注釋

1. Seeing him， I smiled. /When seeing him， I smiled.

2. Seen at the top of the mountain， the park looks very beautiful.

3. Working hard， you will succeed one day.

4. I won’t go there unless invited.

5. Being ill， she couldn’t attend the meeting.

6. Deeply moved by what he had done， she could not help crying.

以上6題是將含狀語從句的復合句改為簡單句，改寫的方法是:當主句與從句主語相同時，若從句謂語是主動形式，用現在分詞改寫，若從句謂語是被動式，就用過去分詞改寫。

7. The man standing there is our English teacher.

8. The road built last year is wide.

9. The road to be built next year is long.

10. The road being built now is very wide.

以上4題是將含定語從句的復合句改為簡單句，改寫的方法是:若定語從句的謂語是主動式，一般可以用現在分詞改寫;若定語從句的謂語是被動式，一般可用過去分詞改寫;若定語從句的謂語動詞的動作是在將來某個時間才發生，一般可以用不定式來表達;若定語從句的謂語是被動式，且發生時間是現在或目前，就可以用現在分詞的被動式來表達。

責任編校蔣小青