復合句

要點說明

1.復合句由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成。主句是全句的主體，通常可以獨立存在;從句則是一個句子成分，不能獨立存在，但它也有主語部分和謂語部分，就像一個句子一樣。所不同在于，從句須由一個關聯詞引導。

2. 復合句可分為:賓語從句、狀語從句、定語從句等。

一、賓語從句

1. 在句子中起賓語作用的從句為賓語從句。賓語從句可以作及物動詞、短語動詞、介詞的賓語。例如:Everybody wonders how the Great Wall was built without modern machines so many years ago.

2. 賓語從句的引導詞。當陳述句充當賓語從句時，用that引導，that可以省略。當一般疑問句充當賓語從句時，用if或whether引導，表示“是否”，并用陳述句的語序。當賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，用原來的疑問詞引導，并用陳述句的語序。

3. 賓語從句的時態。主句是一般現在時，從句可以根據上下文選用適當的時態;主句是一般過去時，從句用相應的過去時。

4. 賓語從句中否定的轉移。例如:I don’t think you’re right.

二、狀語從句

在復合句中充當時間、地點、方式、目的、原因、結果等狀語成分的從句統稱為狀語從句。

1.時間狀語從句通常由since，when，after，as，while，before，by，during等時間連詞引導。例如:

Tom was playing computer games while his mother was cooking in the kitchen. 湯姆在玩電腦游戲，他的媽媽在廚房燒飯。

2. 地點狀語從句通常由where，wherever引導。例如:

She found her umbrella where she had her supper.

她在她吃晚飯的地方找到了雨傘。

Wherever I am，I will remember your advice.

不管我在哪里，我都記得你的建議。

3. 方式狀語從句通常由as if，as though引導，也有用as， as...so...引導的。

例如:As water is to fish，so air is to man.我們離不開空氣，猶如魚兒離不開水。as if，as though 兩者的意義和用法相同，引導的狀語從句謂語多表示與事實相反，有時也用陳述語氣，表示所說情況是事實或實現的可能性較大。漢譯常作“仿佛……似的”，“好像……似的”。例如:

They completely forgot these facts as if (as though) they never happened.

他們完全忽略了這些事實，就好像沒發生似的。

It looks as if the weather may clear up very soon.

看來天氣很快就會好起來。

4. 目的狀語從句由that，so that，in order that等詞引導。例如:

You’d better take more clothes so that you can keep warm in the cold weather. 你最好多穿點衣服，以便在寒冷的天氣里能保暖。

5. 原因狀語從句一般由because，since，as和for引導。because語勢最強，用來說明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問題。當原因是顯而易見的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。由because引導的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗號，則可以用for來代替。但如果不是說明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。例如:

①I didn’t go，because I was busy. 我不去是因為我忙。

②Since /As the weather is so bad，we have to delay our hiking.

天氣那么糟，我們只得推遲了遠足。

③He has been absent these days，because / for he’s got a bad flu.

他近來缺席，因為他得了流感。

④He must be ill，for he is absent today. 他一定病了，所以今天缺席。

6. 結果狀語從句常由so...that 或 such...that引導。so...that與such...that之間可以轉換。例如: 這男孩年齡太小，不能上學。

He is so young a boy that he can’t go to school.

He is such a young boy that he can’t go to school.

這種結構的復合句通常可以用enough to，too...to改為簡單句進行表達。如:He is too young to go to school./ He isn’t old enough to go to school.

7. 條件狀語從句連接詞主要有 if，unless等。unless = if not. 例如:

If you are not too tired，let’s go to the supermarket on foot.

如果你不太累，我們步行去超市。

You will miss the bus unless you leave immediately.

除非你立即走，否則你將錯過那班車。

8.讓步狀語從句由though，although引導，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。例如:

Although it was raining，they were still working in the field.

雖然在下雨，但他們仍在地里干活。

The old man lives alone，but he doesn’t feel lonely.

雖然那位老人獨自生活，但他不覺得孤獨。

三、定語從句

1. 定語從句在句子中作定語，用來修飾一個名詞、名詞詞組或者代詞。被修飾的名詞、名詞詞組或代詞叫做先行詞; 在先行詞和定語從句之間起連接作用的詞叫做引導詞。

2. 引導詞分為“關系代詞”和“關系副詞”。 關系代詞有:that，who，whom，whose，which。關系副詞有:when，where，why。that表示人或物，which表示事或物，who表示人。

經典例題

例1 No one knew why ________ in the Chinese exam.(無錫中考題)

A. does she failB. did she failC. she had failedD. she has failed

[解析] 正確答案是C。“沒有人知道她為什么語文考試不及格。”此題考查了賓語從句的語序，賓語從句要用陳述句的語序。同時還考查了賓語從句的時態，賓語從句的動作發生在主句動作之前，并且主句動作又是過去發生的，因此賓語從句要用過去完成時。

例2 —Is the woman ________ walked past just now your teacher?

—Yes. She teaches ________ English.(揚州中考題)

A. that;ourB. who;usC. whom;usD. who;our

[解析] 正確答案是B。本題考查了定語從句的關系代詞。表示人的關系代詞有:who，whom，that，其中whom只能用在關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語成分時。teach后接雙賓語，選擇賓格us。

例3 —What will you do if it ________ tomorrow?

—I’ll stay at home and watch the match on TV.(蘇州中考題)

A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. is raining

[解析] 正確答案是B。此題考查了時間狀語從句的時態。用一般現在時表示將來。

例4Hurry up. We have to get to the station before 11∶45 ________ we can catch the 12∶00 train. (南通中考題)

A. sinceB. afterC. as soon asD. so that

[解析] 正確答案是D。此題考查了引導狀語從句的連詞。so that用于結果狀語從句，表示“這樣”，此題意為:快點，我們必須在11:45前到達車站，這樣我們就能趕上12:00的火車了。

例5—Excuse me，could you tell me?

—Sorry，I’m new here. (鎮江中考題)

A. where is the railway station

B. which bus I shall take to the railway station

C. where the railway station was

D. how can I get to the railway station

[解析] 正確答案是B。此題考查了賓語從句的語序和時態。A和D選項語序不對，C選項時態不對。主句中could you tell me 的could 表示語氣，而不是表示過去時態。

訓練及檢測

一、選擇題(2009年中考復合句試題鏈接)

()1. —What do you think of her dress?

—I think it still looks quite fashionable on her ________ it is a style of many years ago. (揚州)

A. thoughB. orC. soD. because

()2. —Do we have to hold our English party in the classroom?

—Well，I don’t know ________ if not here. (揚州)

A. when can we do itB. when we can do it

C. where can we do it D. where we can do it

()3. — I’d like to know________.

—At 6∶30. (蘇州)

A. when does your mother usually cook breakfast

B. how your mother usually cooks breakfast

C. when your mother usually cooks breakfast

D. how does your mother usually cook breakfast

()4. —Did you give Dick a call?

—I didn’t need to ________ I’ll see him soon. (無錫)

A. whenB. thoughC. untilD. because

()5. — Did Mrs King leave a message?

—Yes. She wanted to know ________ this Sunday. (南京)

A. who you would go shopping

B. if you would go shopping with her

C. that you’ll go shopping

D. when will you go shopping with her

()6.________ scientists have done a lot of research on H1N1 flu，there are still some cases for further study. (南京)

A. AsB. OnceC. IfD. Although

()7. The picture shows us ________ in Xuzhou in the past. (徐州)

A. what everyday life was like B. what was everyday life like

C. how everyday life was likeD. how was everyday life like

()8. —The light in his room is still on. Do you know ________?

—In order to prepare for the coming exam. (常州)

A. if he works hard B. why he stays up so late

C. why is he so busy D. when he will stop working

()9. —Can you tell me ________ for the 60th China National Day?

—A wonderful parade. (連云港)

A. what is going to be heldB. who is going to be invited

C. how much money will be raised D. how long will it last

()10. It is summer now in China，________ it is winter in Australia. (南通)

A. before B. until C. while D. since

二、選用正確的連詞填空

1.________ the traffic was too bad，it took me longer to get home. (when，as)

2. I didn’t go to bed ________ I finished my homework last night. (when，until)

3. ________ you watch this programme，you will realize how much danger these tigers face. (after，before)

4. I will tell you the secret ________ you promise not to tell anyone else about it. (when，if)

5. I prefer to take a train ________ it’s faster and more comfortable to go by train. (because，and)

6.________ you have any questions，you can ask me. (until，when)

7. Please give me a call ________you arrive in Shanghai. (as soon as，while)

8. ________ we didn’t see the Great Wall，we felt excited ________ we passed over China. (when，because，although)

9. The drink is ________ delicious ________I enjoy it very much. (so...that，too...to)

10. I arrived at the airport the plane had taken off. (after，before)

三、根據要求改寫句子

1. Hurry up，or you will be late for school.(改為同義句)

________ you ________，you’ll be late for school.

2. I donated some money because I wanted to help the poor. (同上)

I wanted to help the poor ________ I donated some money.

3. He said，“I haven’t seen her today.”(將直接引語改為間接引語)

He said________________________________________.

4. The teacher said，“The earth turns around the sun.”(同上)

The teacher said ________________________________________.

5. “Did you watch the film called Action?” she asked. (同上)

She asked me________________________________________________.

6. Millie asked，“Can you tell me about your job，Mr Friend?”(同上)

Millie asked Mr Friend ________________________________________________.

7. The girl with a flower in her hand is my sister. (改為定語從句)

The girl ________ a flower in her hand is my sister.

8. The question is easy. You can answer it. (合并為復合句)

________________________________________________________ .

9. I went home after I finished my homework. (用until改寫句子)

________________________________________________________ .

10. My mother gave me a book. The book was full of pictures. (改為定語從句)

My mother gave me a book.

四、翻譯句子

1. 我不確定明天是否有很多人去參觀世界公園。

2. 爸爸說他將把我的畫掛在墻上。

3. 等雨停了我再走。

4. 我今晚有空的話就去看你。

5. 這道數學題太難了，沒人會做。