“一……就……”的多種英語表達句式

王祿芳

英語的學習過程是一個從量變到質變的過程。有些學生抱怨英語單詞記不住,語法枯燥、難懂,無法掌握。其實,這只是學習方法的問題。還有一些學生一味追求“速成”,這是不會解決根本問題的。學生必須扎扎實實從日積月累開始,循序漸進,擅于歸納、總結。現針對英語學習中“一……就……”的表達方式,歸納如下:

一、as soon as…

例如:(1)I came as soon as I heard the news. 我一聽到消息馬上就來了。

(2)As soon as she saw the Statue of Liberty she realized that she was already in the United States. 她一看到自由女神像,就意識到自己已經到了美國。

二、No sooner…than…

例如:(1)No sooner had he sat down than it began to rain. 他剛坐下,天就開始下雨啦。

(2)No sooner had he arrived there than he fell ill. 他一到達那里就生起病來。

三、Hardly…when…

例如:(1)Hardly had he finished when someone rose to refute his views.

他剛一說完,就有人起來駁斥他的觀點。

(2)Hardly had he finished his work when the telephone rang.

他一完成工作,電話鈴就響了。

四、Scarcely…when…

例如:(1)Scarcely had I opened the door when the dog came running in.

我一開門,那條狗就跑了進來。

(2)Scarcely had the bird flown out of the nest when the hunter shot at it.

那只鳥剛一從巢里飛出,獵人就開始對它射擊。

需要注意的是,在第二種、第三種和第四種句子結構中,前半分句的主語和謂語需要倒裝。

五、Immediately…

“immediately”除可用作副詞外,還可用作連詞。

例如:(1)She would help her parents do the housework immediately she got home.

她一回到家就幫助父母做家務。

(2)Make sure the property you are buying is insured immediately you exchange contracts. 一交換合同,就應立刻給所購房產買保險。

六、the moment (that) sb. does/says sth.

例如:(1)He said he would phone you the moment he got home.

他說他一到家就給你打電話。

(2)She ran out to meet him the moment she saw him coming.

她一看到他走來,就跑去迎接他。

七、the minute…

例如:(1)The policeman rushed to the spot the minute he heard of the road accident.

那名警察一聽到車禍發生,就急忙趕到現場。

(2)Lily knew he was not an Englishman the minute Miles began to speak.

邁爾斯一講話,莉莉就知道他不是英國人。

八、the instant…

例如:⑴The driver pulled on the brake the instant he saw two kids jumping up and down on the road. 一看見在馬路上蹦來跳去的兩個孩子,司機就立即踩了剎車。

⑵The instant I saw her, I knew that I couldn?蒺t leave her.

我一見到她,就知道再也離不開她了。

九、once…

例如:⑴Once she arrives, we can start. 她一到,我們就可以開始。

⑵Once there, they started piling boxes of melons in the back of the pick?鄄up.

他們一到那兒,就開始往小卡車后部裝一箱箱的甜瓜。

十、On/Upon (doing) sth.

例如:⑴On hearing the news of the air attack most foreigners headed for the border.

一聽到空襲的消息,大多數外國人便前往邊境。

⑵On the general?蒺s command, all soldiers must salute.

一聽到將軍的口令,全體士兵必須立即敬禮。

另外,還有“at the thought that/of…”、“at the sight of…”的固定短語譯法:

例如:Mary brightened up at the thought that she was going to have dinner with a famous actor. 一想到她將與一位著名的演員共進晚餐,瑪麗感到十分高興。

She always faints at the sight of blood. 她一看見血就要犯暈。