高中生英文簡體詩寫作教學嘗試

英語新課標人教版選修六教材第二單元的中心話題是“Poems”，并且在Reading部分重點介紹了五種簡單的英語詩歌形式。在設計本單元教學的時候，我計劃學完這個單元的內容后讓學生嘗試寫英文詩。

一、利用Brainstorming形式讓學生說出詩歌的寫作目的

我在Warming up部分引入話題，請學生背誦他們學過的印象最深刻的或最喜愛的中文詩或童謠。然后提問:Why do people write poems?根據學生的回答和自己的補充，歸納出詩歌的寫作目的:To tell a story， to express feelings， to recall an enjoyable or unpleasant incident， to share a feeling or experience， to make others laugh， to describe sth in details or give impression， to get readers to think about an idea， to express a point of view or to play with words—their sounds， rhyme and rhythm， etc.

二、通過詩歌賞析初步了解英文詩的特點

在“A Few Simple Forms of English Poems”的學習中，我先讓學生快速閱讀并找出文中介紹的五種簡體英文詩的形式:nursery rhymes，list poems，cinquain，Haiku，Tang poems.接著，我布置學生閱讀其中的A—H八首詩歌，并完成表格，抓住詩歌的主要內容。

我讓學生根據文中提供的詩歌范例試歸納出英文詩的特點:有明顯強烈的節奏;詩歌可以不押韻，但總是有節奏的;詩歌的魅力在很大程度上決定于它的節奏，它使詩歌和諧、優美，富于音樂感，給讀者感官上的滿足，產生美的共鳴。接下來我讓學生逐個分析每一種詩各自的特征。如Nursery rhymes的特點是:concrete，imaginative，rhyme，have strong rhythm and a lot of repetition，easy to learn and to recite.

大部分學生對英文詩沒有多少了解，認為英文詩比不上中文詩，尤其是唐詩宋詞。其實，英文詩中也不乏上乘之作，于是我精心挑選了幾首外國著名詩人的代表作，配上中文翻譯，讓學生領略英文詩的優美意境。如英國著名詩人William Blake的作品“A Grain of Sand”，美國L.Hughes的作品“Dreams”，英國Shelley的作品“Ode to the west wind”，印度Tagore的作品“The Furthest Distance in the world”，英國Byron的作品“She Walks in Beauty”.學生欣賞這些詩歌的同時找出了韻律或節奏。

到了這一步，可以介紹英文簡體詩的寫作方法了。List poem的寫法:The writer is telling you something—pointing something out—saying， “Look at this” or “Think about this”. There’s a beginning and an end to it， like in a story. Each item in the list is written the same way. Cinquain的寫法:五行詩只有五行，每一行要求有不同的字數，而且詞性也不同。Line 1: A noun that names the subject of the poem. Line 2: Two adjectives that describe the subject. Line 3: Three verbs ending with -ing that describe the subject’s actions. Line 4: Four words that give the writer’s opinions or feelings about the subject. Line 5: A word that gives another name for the subject.

找出其規律后我即興創作了一首五行詩并寫在黑板上:

Son

Lovely， naughty

Shouting， crying， laughing

My love and pride

Forever

Haiku的寫法:俳句詩要求只有三行，十七個音節，不要求押韻，第一行五個音節，第二行七個音節，第三行五個音節。了解了其形式特點后，我讓學生劃出課文中兩首俳句詩的音節，使他們有更清晰的認識。

三、親自動筆寫詩

剛開始的時候好些學生還是猶豫不決，似乎想不到要寫什么東西。針對這種情況我也作了準備，我拿了自己2007年在香港參加培訓時寫的英文詩集給他們傳閱，幫助他們找到靈感。我還介紹了一種簡單易寫的詩歌形式，類似我們所說的藏頭詩。例如:

DANIEL

Diligent at work

Analyses things all around

Never gives up pursuing the truth

Intelligent enough to observe the world

Enthusiastic towards everyday life

Loves family always

學生創作作品時，我走到他們中間為他們解疑指錯，以便他們能順利完成。一節課下來，每個學生都寫出了自己的“處女作”。課后我收集了詩作，稍作修改后打印成詩集。學生獲得了前所未有的成就感。以下是學生詩作摘選。

Baby， don’t cry! (童謠)

Baby， baby， don’t cry

I will give you a smile

Baby， baby， don’t cry

I will sit here by your side

Baby， baby， don’t cry

I will fly you high

Baby， baby， don’t cry

I will love you all my life

Lovely fallen snowflakes(俳句)

Like tired white butterflies

All the men are absorbed deeply

Cover the whole earth

But a picture

Parents(五行詩)

Selfless， great

Helping， teaching， devoting

Work hard every day

Complaintless

I Saw a Fish Fly in the Sky(清單詩)

I saw a fish fly in the sky，

I saw an ant fly the kite，

I saw a potato who was sick，

I saw a man whose head looked like a brick，

I saw two steamed bread fight in a bag，

I saw a cat look at the map，

I saw an apple eat a fly，

I saw a mouse turn on the light，

I saw a tomato surf on the sea，

I saw a bag spit out the peas，

I saw the snow cover the spring，

I saw the winter was full of green.

You thought I was a fool，

But I thought they were really cool!

My Teacher Miss Ye(打油詩)

There is a teacher Miss Ye

Who is lovely like a deer

Always inspiring us to try

She leads us to a sunny sky

We are proud of her forever

Nobody can ever replace her.

CHINA (藏頭詩)

Can you speak Chinese?

Have you been to China?

It is the most beautiful country.

Natural scenery is our wealth.

All the people are welcome.

責任編輯 魏文琦