摘 要: 本文作者針對高等學校英語應用能力考試中的聽力理解部分進行了分析總結,并提出了有關不同題型的解題技巧,以供參加考試的高職高專學生和從事高職高專英語教學的教師參考。
關鍵詞: 應用能力考試 聽力 題型分析 解題技巧
高等學校英語應用能力考試(以下簡稱PRETCO)是教育部批準實施的、針對高職高專學生進行的教學考試。從歷屆學生的考試成績來看,聽力測試一直是眾多考生的薄弱環節,嚴重影響了學生的整體考試成績。為此筆者認真分析歷年真題,總結歸納考點,并結合自己多年的高職英語教學經驗,總結出一些聽力解題技巧供考生或教師參考。
高等學校英語應用能力AB級考試聽力部分主要檢測考生對日常用語、對話及短文的聽力理解能力。聽力材料的語速為每分鐘10個詞。考試分Section A,Section B,Section C三個部分,總分15分。A級中的Section A播放一遍,Section B和C各播放兩遍。B級中的Section A和B各播放二遍,Section C播放三遍。題型與分值比見下表。
從整體來看,英語應用能力考試的聽力部分難度不大,但高職高專學生的英語基礎普遍較差,大部分學生要通過考試還是比較困難的。因此,掌握一些應試技巧是很有必要的。下面筆者針對考試中的不同題型提出一些參考意見。
1.交際語應答題(Question)
交際語應答題主要是由特殊疑問句構成,一般涉及詢問感受、時間數字、興趣愛好、健康狀況、征求建議等。對于該題型首先要認真預讀選項,大致推測可能會出現的問題。聽時要全神貫注,聽懂問句的內容,并抓住關鍵詞。特別要注意一些常見或慣用的句型,以及特定語境下的情景英語或會話。
【例1】
【選項】A.It’s Friday?搖B.It’s July 25,2006?搖C.It’s windy?搖D.It’s expensive
預讀選項,我們推測出問題有可能與天氣有關。聽錄音“What’s the weather like today?”,抓住關鍵詞“weather”和“like”,根據題意得知是詢問“今天的天氣如何?”所以正確答案是D。
【例2】
【選項】A.He is Dick.?搖B.He is 30.?搖C.He is a nice man.?搖D.We all like him.
預讀選項后,我們可推測出的問題極有可能是問“他”的名字、年齡或其他。我們要特別注意問話人提問時用的是什么特殊疑問詞。接著聽錄音“What does the man look like?”。我們只要抓住兩個關鍵詞“What”和“look like”,就能判斷出是詢問“他”是什么樣的人,因此正確答案是C。
2.簡短對話(Dialogue)
簡短對話題一般是一男一女各讀一句,然后就對話內容提出一個問題,問題大多數是以what,where,when,why,who,whose,how等開頭的特殊疑問句,該題型測試的內容包括人物的職業與關系類、地點方位類、時間數字類、計算類、建議請求類、邏輯推理類、因果關系類等。對于該題型首先要快速瀏覽選項,預測提問范圍,要特別注意聽第二講話人說的內容,因為多數情況,提問的內容是針對第二講話人的,做這類題注意不要聽到什么選什么,需要推理判斷才能選出正確答案。
【例3】
【選項】A.5:20?搖B.5:00?搖C.5:35?搖D.5:45
預讀選項可以推測出該題是時間計算類。再聽錄音,“W:What time did the film start yesterday?M:It was supposed to start at a quarter past 5,but it was delayed twenty minutes.Q:What time did the film finally start?”特別注意要認真聽第二個人的回答,抓住關鍵詞“a quarter past 5,delayed,twenty minutes”。對話中提到電影本來應在5:15開始,但延遲了20分鐘。那么正確答案是A。
【例4】
【選項】A.Mechanics.?搖B.Lawyers.?搖C.Doctors.?搖D.Salesmen.
從選項可以推斷出該題是詢問某人的職業。聽錄音:“W:I think we’d better start to operate on him immediately.Also,you’d better have his pressure checked every half hour.M:Right.He may start to bleed too,so we’ll make sure there is plenty of plasma ready.Q:Who are the two speakers?”從對話中聽到的關鍵詞“operate(手術),pressure checked(測血壓),to bleed(輸血)”可以推測出說話人是在醫院,那么正確答案就是C。
3.長對話(Conversation)
長對話題涉及面廣、信息量大、句型結構復雜。對話涉及的范圍包括推理判斷類、時間計算類、因果關系類等。該題型的解題關鍵是要記錄對話中的細節之處,找到選項中與之相關的內容。
【例5】
【選項】A.In the office?搖B.In a factory?搖C.At the airport?搖D.At the railway station
預讀選項可以推斷出詢問的是地點。聽錄音時要抓住地點方位類的關鍵詞。
W:May I see your tickets?
M:Here you are.
W:Would you put your baggage on the machine,please?
M:We just have the two bags to be weighed.I’ll take the small suitcase on the plane with me.
W:Your baggage is all right.It’s not over-weight.Here are some tags for your hand baggage.
M:Thanks.
W:These are your tickets and your boarding-card.You’ll have to show it as you board the plane.
M:Shall I go to the waiting-room now?
W:Yes,you may have a short rest.
Q:Where does this conversation take place?
根據對話中的“see your ticket”和“take the small suitcase,on the plane”可以斷定是在機場,所以選項為C。
4.短文聽寫(Spot Dictation)
短文聽寫填空的題材涉及面較廣泛,包括文化、教育、人物、小故事等。該題有五個空格,每個空格要求根據聽到的內容填入一至三個單詞或詞組。對于該題型首先預讀書面已知的信息,了解要聽寫的短文的主要內容和語法結構。第一遍錄音要聽懂全文的大意。第二遍錄音在每個空格后有停頓,可以快速填上所缺單詞。第三遍錄音要復查所填單詞的時態、語態或詞性結構是否正確。
【例6】
Everyone wants to have good eyesight,and in many kinds of work it is very important to have good eyesight.The men who drive buses and 1 their planes must have excellent eyesight.People who make cameras and radios must 2 see very well,too.Many young children spoil their eyesight by reading in badly-lit places.
3 and sleep are important for good eyesight:If you eat the wrong kinds of food or you do not have 4,you will not have good eyesight.If your eyesight is not good,however,you should see and optician.An optician is a person who can test your eyesight and make 5.Some girls would rather try to see without glasses than wear glasses.But it is very foolish to spoil your eyes in this way.
在聽音前的有限時間內快速瀏覽全文,知道本文大意是“怎樣保護好眼睛和有好的視力”。然后結合錄音進行分析,從而得到本題的參考答案是:1.pilots?搖2.be able to?搖3.Food?搖4.glasses?搖5.enough。
5.短文問答題(Passage)
短文問答題在考試中難度較大,文章涉及面廣包括產品介紹、文化教育、環境污染、人物故事等,題材也多樣有記敘文、議論文、說明文等。由于該類題只播放兩遍錄音,所以聽前預讀題干尤為重要,可根據題干大致推測出文章涉及的主要內容。注意在聽第一遍時努力聽懂文章大意,重點聽題干涉及到的語句,并記錄關鍵詞。聽第二遍時核對所填的信息。
【例7】
1.When did the family car become common in America?
In the early
2.Why do more Americans have to drive to work?
Because they have moved out of the
3.Why do people like smaller cars now?
Because the cost of gas has
4.How popular are Japanese and German cars in the U.S.?
5.What does the speaker mainly talk about?
預讀題干,推測文章大意是討論美國家庭汽車的使用情況。根據題干所給出的部分內容可得知多為細節題,因此在聽音時要注意相關語句。
American depend on their cars more than other people.Family car has been the common thing since the early 20th century,and it has changed the American life,Many people have move outside the large cities to the suburbs.Some Americans spend two hours a day or more in their cars,going to work and back home.Cars have become the means of transportation for most American when they go shopping and even go on vacations.In the past,American liked the big cars,and the gas wasn’t expensive.However,the price of gas has .That is why Japanese and German cars sell well in the U.S..
5.cars。
總之,聽力能力不是一天兩天就可以提高的,需要學生每天堅持練習、不斷積累和總結經驗。
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