
〔關鍵詞〕 英語教學;詞匯;完成句子;問題;語境
〔中圖分類號〕 G633.41〔文獻標識碼〕 C
〔文章編號〕 1004—0463(2010)07(A)—0044—01
英語詞匯是學好英語的奠基石。如何讓學生高效地學習英語詞匯?下面筆者結合教學實踐進一步探討英語詞匯教學的方法。
1. 通過完成句子學習詞匯
教師先在黑板上板書該堂課要學習的重點單詞,讓學生跟讀這些單詞,然后給出不完整的句子,讓學生口頭完成句子(只需填入板書中的單詞),目的是讓學生在掌握單詞讀音的基礎上,初步根據詞義運用這些單詞。這些句子來自日常生活,帶有一定的趣味性,學生很容易想到相關的單詞。這樣遵循了“詞不離句”的詞匯教學原則,使學生不知不覺地記住了單詞。
2. 通過問題和圖片學習詞匯
教師可以通過提問的方式引出要學習的新單詞,同時可以輔助圖片,加深學生對單詞的記憶。如在學習單詞platform時,可以用問題 “Where dopassengers wait for a train?”和“Where do they get on or get off a train?”引出單詞platform,然后出示左面的圖片,讓學生形象生動地記住這個單詞。
3. 在語境中學習詞匯
語境是指實際的語言環境。英語中很難找到一個完全單義的詞,即使人們公認的宇宙間獨一無二的東西,如sun,moon,earth等,一旦進入不同的語境,語義就發生了變化。越是普通的詞、常用詞,義項就越多,也越復雜,對語境的依賴性也越強。如“The moon goes round the earth”中的moon 表示“月球”,“The planet Jupiter has nine moons”中的moon表示“衛星”。單詞離開了語境就顯得呆板、生硬,沒有活力。正如Jespersen所指出的,獨立的單詞只是“單詞的幽靈和僵尸”,而一旦運用到語境中就有了生命。在詞義的理解和使用過程中,語境起了十分重要的作用。因此,教師要通過語境來讓學生學習詞匯。例如,在教學at present 時,可以先用英語解釋它的意思:The phrase “at present” means now. 然后設計這樣一個語境:
-Where is Lusy? Why isn’t she here?
-Oh,she is at present away on her holiday.
-When will she come back?
-She said that she would come back two weeks later.
又如,教學accept...as一詞時,教師可以先這樣說:Betty’s husbanddiedthree yearsa go,she metJack and fell inlovewith him. She wanted to marry Jack,but her twelve-year-old daughter didn’t accept Jack as her father.
然后,教師問學生:If you were the girl,would you accept Jack as your stepfather?If Jack has a son or a daughter will you accept him or her as your brother or sister?
最后創設情境:One day,Betty,her daughter and Jack went to Disneyland. They had a good time. As last,the girl accepted Jack as her father. She got a stepfather.
通過這幾個步聚,學生弄清楚了accept...as的含義及用法。在語境中學習詞匯不僅能使學生掌握詞匯的用法,而且能使學生更好地理解文章。
另外,學生也可以設置情境運用所學詞匯,達到掌握詞匯的目的。如操練turn on,turn over,turn down,turn up,turn to,turn off 時,筆者讓學生自編例句進行操練,學生很自然地就說出了下列的句子。
(1)At night when we enter a room,we first turn on a light.
(2)It’s a good habit that we turn off the light before we leave rooms.
(3)Before you plant crops,the soil should be turned over carefully.
(4)If you have any math problems,please turn to Mr Chen.
(5)Could you please turn down the TV a bit?
(6)He promised to attend the meeting,but he didn’t turn up now.
筆者在課堂上和課后還編一些單詞拼寫、句型轉換等練習,或讓學生通過造句、編對話、復述課文來鞏固所學的單詞。
總之,英語詞匯教學要遵循語言教學的規律,教師應采用不同的教學方法,使學生對詞匯的學習達到事半功倍的效果,達到學以致用的目的,特別是在交際中能靈活地運用所學詞匯。