???????????????

? ?: ?????????????????????????????????????，???????????????，????????????????????????，???????????????????

???: ?? ???? ????

?????????????????，??????????????????????，?????????????????????????????????????，????????，??????，???????????????，??????????????????;????????????，????，?????，?????????????????????????????，???????????????:"??????????????????，?????????;????????????????????????，??????????????????????????????????????"??????????????????????????????????????

???????

1."??"???

??????，"??"--activities，?????，??????????????????Harmer(1983)??:"??"???????，?????????????????????????，?????????????，??????????????????Wikipedia(????????)，activity??????，????????"??"(action)，??????????，??????"??(task)"?

2.activity?task

??activity?task??????20??80??，????????，?????????????????，?process?????????activity?task????

David Nuan(1989)?????????????，??????:

??，??????????，???????????????(??)，??????????????，????????????????????????，??????????

??????，?，J.Harmer??activity??task?Harmer???????，????;?????????????，?????????????;?????????，??????????

??????task??????????:

1)task??????，?????????

2)task????????????????????

3)task??????????，????????，?task-based approach?

????????????，?????????????，???????????

3.?????????

?????????????????????????????J.Harmer?????non-communicative?communicative???????????:1)?????;2)?????;3)?????????;4)?????????;5)???????;6)???????????????，????????????????????????，???????????

??，????????task???，??????????"??"?????"??"，??????????

???????????

?????????????????????????????????????????Krashen?????(Input Hypothesis)????????????????????，??????????????，??Swain?Krashen?????????????(Output Hypothesis)，???????????????????，????????????，????????????(produce the language)???，Long???????????????????????，?????(Interaction Hypothesis)???????，?????????????????????????

????PPP(Presentation-Practice-Producton)????????????，???????????????????，?pre-，while-?post-reading，?????????????，???????????????，???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????，????????????????????????，????????，????????????????30???，?????pre-，while-?post-reading，???"advertisements"?

1.????(pre-reading)

????，?????????????????????????????????????????，???????????????????，???????????，???，??????，?????????:"Why are so many advertisements made?Will you be persuaded?How about Public Service ads?"?????????????????，?????????????????????，?????，????????????，?:????，????????，?????????，????????????，????????????，????????????;?????????;??????????????????????，???????????，?????????????????????，???????????????

2.????(while-reading)

???????????????????????????????????????????，????????????，???????????????????????????????????????????(bottom-up approach)，????????????????????，????????????????????????????????，?????????????????????????????，?????????:???????;???????????，????????????????????;????????????????????;????????????????

3.????(post-reading)

???????????????????，???????????????:?????????????????????????;??，?????????????????????????，??????????????????????????，??????????，?????????????????????????????，????????????????????????，?????????????，?????????，???????????????????

??????????????

?????????????????????????????????，?，1)???????????????????;2)???????????;3)??????????????;4)?????，?????????;5)????????????;??????，??????????????????，?????，??????????????????????????????，??，???????????????????????，?????????????

1.??????????

?????????????????(Brown，Collins Duguid，1989)?????????，????????????????????，??，???????????，????????????:"Do you have any interesting experience to share with us?""How do you like these advertisements，do you enjoy it?"

2.????????

Feez(1998:17)??:"???????????????????"??????????????，????，????，??????????????????????????????????????????，??????，?????????;????，????????，???????????;?????????，????????????????????????????，????，????????????????????????????，???，??????，???????????????，????????????????????，???????????????????????????????，???????????，????????，????，?????????????，??????????????????????????????????，???????????????????????(????????????????)，????????????，???????????????

????，??????????????????????????????，????????????，????????????，?????????????????，?????????，????????????，??????，???????????，???????????????????，?????????????????????;?????????????????????????????????????????，???

????:

[1]Feez，S.Text-based Syllabus Design[M].Sydney:National Center for English Teaching and Research，1998.

[2]Harmer，J.The Practice of English Language Teaching[M].Longman，1983，1991.

[3]Krashen，Stephen D.The Input Hypothesis[M].London:Longman，1985.

[4]Nunan，David.Designing Tasks for the Communicative Classroom.Cambridge University Press，1989.

[5]Swain，M.Three Functions of Output in Second Language Learning.Oxford:Oxford University Press，1995.

[6]???，???.???????[M].???????，2002.

[7]???.??????????[M].???????，2006.

[8]???，???.??????--????????[M].?????????，2008.

[9]???.??????????????[J].???????，2006.

[10]???.?????????????????[J].????，2007.

[11]???.??????????????????[J].????，2006.