非謂語動詞作狀語的易錯點例析

易錯點一:不能正確判斷分詞邏輯主語。

1.誤:Being Sunday，the streets were especially crowded.

正:It being Sunday，the streets were especially crowded.

Because it was Sunday，the streets were especially crowded.

析:分詞作狀語時如果它的邏輯主語和句子主語不一致，要將其改為相應的從句或獨立主格結構。

2.誤:Having assassinated the president，the whole country was in deep sorrow.

正:The president assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow.

After the president was assassinated，the whole country was in deep sorrow.

析:句意為:總統被謀殺了，舉國上下沉浸在悲哀之中。不應該是全國人民謀殺總統。

3.(2005全國II)While watching television，?搖?搖.

A.the doorbell rang?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖B.the doorbell rings

C.we heard the doorbell ring.?搖?搖D.we heard the doorbell rings.

析:分詞作狀語時要求分詞的邏輯主語要與句子的主語保持一致，watching的邏輯主語是we，可排除A，B，D不符合SVOC的句型。

易錯點二:對非謂語動詞與邏輯主語的關系認識不清。

1.誤:Seeing from space，the earth looks like a huge ball.

正:Seen from space，the earth looks like a huge ball.

析:若用現在分詞，句子的主語與see為主動關系，則the earth作seeing的邏輯主語，顯然不成立。故把seeing改為seen。

2.(2006四川)?搖?搖?搖 with so much trouble，we failed to complete the task on time.

A.Faced?搖 B.Face?搖 C.Facing?搖 D.To face

析:由短語be faced with可知主語與face之間的關系為邏輯上的被動關系。

3.(2008山東)Lucy’s new job paid twice as much as she had made ?搖?搖 in the restaurant.

A.working?搖 B.work?搖 C.to work?搖 D.worked

析:A句意為:露絲的新工作付給她的錢是她在飯店工作是所賺錢的兩倍。working是had made的伴隨狀語，和主語she構成邏輯上的主動關系，所以用現在分詞作狀語。可排除過去分詞worked。不定式to work作狀語常表示目的或結果。

易錯點三:否定詞not的位置錯誤。

1.誤:Having not heard from her daughter for months，the mother missed her very much.

正:Not having heard from her daughter for months，the mother missed her very much.

2.(2004廣東)?搖?搖?搖 the programme，they have to stay there for another two weeks.

A.Not completing?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖?搖 B.Not completed

C.Not having completed?搖?搖?搖 D.Having not completed

析:選C。complete和主語they構成邏輯上的主動關系，所以應該用現在分詞作狀語。且分詞的否定式應在其前加上not，否定詞not不可移位。

3.(1990高考)Tom kept quiet about the accident ?搖?搖?搖 lose his job.

A.so not as to?搖 B.so as not to?搖 C.so as to not?搖 D.not so as to

析:選B。分詞、不定式的否定式應在其前加上not，否定詞not不可移位。

易錯點四:動作發生的時間先后的不明確表達。

1.誤:Written the composition，we handed it in.

正:Having written the composition，we handed it in.

析:該句中的分詞所表示的動作發生在謂語動詞之前，且間隔的時間較長，應用現在分詞的完成被動式來代替過去分詞。

2.(2009四川)?搖?搖 many times，he finally understood it.

A.Told?搖 B.Telling?搖 C.Having told?搖 D.Having been told

析:根據many times得知tell的動作先發生，用分詞完成時的被動形式。故答案為D。

3.(2009湖南)When he ?搖?搖 the door，he found his keys were nowhere.

A.would open?搖 B.opened?搖 C.had opened?搖 D.was to open

析:D考查非謂語動詞動詞不定式的用法。句意為:當他要打開門的時候，他發現他的鑰匙不見了。動詞不定式表示將要發生的動作。

易錯點五:不同結果的錯誤表達。

1.誤:He hurried back only finding his new bike missing.

正:He hurried back only to find his new bike missing.

析:only+動詞不定式作結果狀語，表示預料之外的或不愉快的結果;表示自然而然的結果常用現在分詞。

2.誤:He glanced over at her，noticed that though she was tiny，she seemed very well put together.

正:He glanced over at her，noticing that though she was tiny，she seemed very well put together.

析:在瞥過之后自然產生了結果(注意到了她雖小，但能把它組合在一起)

3.(2009上海)A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，?搖?搖 all four people on board.

A.killed?搖 B.killing?搖 C.kills?搖 D.to kill

析:選B。由語境可知譯文:一家小飛機撞到了城市東部五英里處一座小山邊，結果飛機上四人全部遇難。從譯文可知屬于順其自然的結果，故此選擇現在分詞killing。另外，還應該注意D，to kill通常表示出乎意料的結果。

易錯點六:不定式主動被動的誤用。

1.誤:English is easy to be learnt.

正:English is easy to learn.

析:不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構成邏輯上的動賓關系時，不定式多用主動形式。

2.(2005遼寧)All these gifts must be mailed immediately ?搖?搖 in time for Christmas.

A.in order to have received

B.in order to receive

C.so as to be received

D.so as to be receiving

解析:選擇C。so as to及in order to皆可表目的，但依據語境不定式應用被動語態。