-ing和-ed類形容詞的意義和用法分析

摘 要: -ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞在中學(xué)階段英語教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)比較頻繁，在近年來各地高考試題中也經(jīng)常有所涉及。這類形容詞一般情況下都是有同一個動詞變化而來，分析歸納總結(jié)中學(xué)階段應(yīng)掌握的這類詞的意義和用法有助于教學(xué)中師生的整體記憶。掌握這類形容詞的意義和用法定會對學(xué)生在閱讀、寫作等教學(xué)活動中準(zhǔn)確理解和表達句義起到積極作用。

關(guān)鍵詞: -ing和-ed類形容詞 意義 用法

-ing和-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞在中學(xué)階段英語教學(xué)中出現(xiàn)比較頻繁，在近年來各地高考試題中也經(jīng)常有所涉及。掌握這類形容詞的意義和用法定會對學(xué)生在閱讀、寫作等教學(xué)活動中準(zhǔn)確理解和表達句義起到積極作用。筆者將總結(jié)分析中學(xué)階段應(yīng)掌握的這類詞的意義和用法。

一、-ing和-ed類形容詞及其意義

中學(xué)階段應(yīng)掌握的-ing和-ed類形容詞如下:

-ed類形容詞還有:

dressed(穿著衣服)，experienced(有經(jīng)驗的)，learned(有學(xué)問的)，lost(迷路的)，married(已婚的)，seated(坐著的)。我們用interesting，boring，exciting等-ing類的形容詞來談?wù)撌刮覀兏械接腥ぁ挓┑鹊哪莻€人、那個物或那件事。如:

It would be interesting to know what he really believed.了解他的真實信仰會是很有意思的。

Sheila’s party was pretty boring.希拉的那個聚會使人厭煩。

為了說明對某事的感覺，我們可以用interested，bored，excited等-ed類的形容詞。如:

I am very interested in history.我很喜歡歷史。

I didn’t enjoy the party because I was bored.我覺得這次聚會沒意思，我都厭煩了。

再看下面幾個例句:

If a story is exciting，you are excited when you read it.如果一個故事令人興奮，你讀的時候就感到興奮。

If an explanation is confusing，you get confused.如果一個解釋令人感到糊涂，你會被弄糊涂的。

After a tiring day，you feel tired.在度過使人勞累的一天之后，你會感到很累。

二、-ing和-ed類形容詞的用法

1.作表語

表示“某人、某事或某物令人感到……”，就用-ing類形容詞;若表示主語的某種感受就用-ed類形容詞。(上面第一部分的例句說明了這類形容詞作表語的用法)

有些-ed類的詞，已經(jīng)完全是形容詞了，如dressed，experienced，learned，lost，married，seated，它們并不表示主語的感受。例如:

Hurry up and get dressed.快點穿上衣服。

We always get lost in London.我們在倫敦老是迷路。

He is very experienced in looking after animals.他養(yǎng)動物很有經(jīng)驗。

The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain____as the plane was making a landing.

A.seat B.seating C.seatedD.to be seating

(高考上海卷2004春—39)

答案:C。remain是聯(lián)系動詞，seated(坐著的)作表語。

2.作定語

作定語時關(guān)鍵看被修飾的詞與這類形容詞的邏輯關(guān)系。表示所修飾的詞具有此性質(zhì)或特征，用-ing類形容詞，表示被修飾的詞自身的感受，則用-ed類形容詞。要注意的是，被修飾的詞是look，cry，expression，face，smile，voice等顯示某人的情感狀況的名詞時，我們通常用-ed類形容詞。例如:

It was a terrifying experience.那是一次可怕的經(jīng)歷。(The experience was terrifying.)

Lincoln was an inspiring leader.林肯是一位鼓舞人心的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。(The leader was inspiring.)

They waited for something exciting to happen.他們等待著激動人心的事情發(fā)生。(Something was exciting.)

The excited children were opening their Christmas presents.激動的孩子們在打開他們的圣誕禮物。(The children were excited.)

Keep all letters from satisfied customers.把滿意的顧客的來信全部保留下來。(Customers are satisfied.)

She had a puzzled look on her face.她滿面迷惑的表情。(She was puzzled.)

I read an interested expression on his face.我看到他臉上露出一種感興趣的表情。(He is interested.)

——Did you enjoy yourself at the party?

——Yes，I have never been to____one before.

A.a more excited B.the most excited C.a more exciting D.the most exciting (高考四川卷2006—27)

答案:C(The party was exciting.)

3.作賓語補足語

作賓語補足語時，關(guān)鍵看形容詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系。例如:

I still find the job exciting.我仍然認為這個工作令人振奮。(The job is exciting.)

The quality of the wine made me disappointed.這酒的質(zhì)量使我失望。(I was disappointed.)

I didn’t find the joke at all amusing.我認為這笑話一點也不可笑。(The joke wasn’t amusing.)

Playing with water can keep children amused for hours.嬉水可以使孩子們玩樂好幾個小時。(Children are amused.)

Laws that punish parents for their children’s actions against the laws get parents____.

A.worried____B.to worry____C.worrying____D.worry

(高考重慶卷2004—30)

答案:A(Parents are worried.)

4.作狀語

作狀語時關(guān)鍵看狀語與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系。例如:

Mr.Smith， of the____speech，started to read a novel.

A.tired;boring B.tiring;bored C.tired;bored D.tiring;boring(高考北京卷2003春—35)

答案:A(狀語與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系是:Mr.Smith was tired of...)

in a white uniform，he looks more like a cook than a doctor.

A.Dressed B.To dress C.Dressing D.Having dressed

(高考湖南卷2005—22)

答案:A(狀語與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系是:he is dressed in...)

and happy，Tony stood up and accepted the prize.

A.SurprisingB.Surprised

C.Being surprised D.To be surprising

(高考全國卷I 2006—32)

答案:B(狀語與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系是:Tony was surprised and happy.)

通過分析，我們可以看出，只要了解其一般規(guī)律，并能注意其特殊情況，我們就能在閱讀和寫作中正確理解和使用-ing和-ed類形容詞的意義和用法。

下面是近幾年的相關(guān)高考試題，練一練:

1.Every morning after dinner，if not____from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.

A.being tired B.tiring C.tired D.to be tired

(高考湖南卷2009-21)

2. and short of breath，Andy and Rudy were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai.

A.To be tired B.Tired C.Tiring D.Being tired

(高考浙江卷2009-3)

3.After the long journey，the three of them went back home， .

A.hungry and tiredlyB.hungry and tired

C.hungrily and tiredly D.hungrily and tired

(高考北京卷2008-26)

4.Please remain ______;the winner of the prize will be announced soon.

A.seatingB.seated C.to seatD.to be seated

(高考遼寧卷2008-31)

5.——Can those____at the back of the classroom hear me?

——No problem.

A.seat B.sit C.seated D.sat(高考福建卷2008-33)

6.Please remain____until the plane has come to a complete stop.

A.to seat B.to be seated C.seating D.seated

(高考山東卷2007-26)

7.A good story does not necessarily have to have a happy ending，but the reader must not be left____.

A.unsatisfied____ B.unsatisfying

C.to be unsatisfying D.being satisfied(高考天津卷2006-7)

8.Tom sounds very much____in the job，but I’m not sure whether he can manage it.

A.interested B.interesting C.interestingly D.interestedly

(高考安徽卷2006-28)

9.It is believed that if a book is____，it will surely____the reader.

A.interested...interest B.interesting...be interested

C.interested...be interested D.interesting...interest

(高考上海卷2003-30)

10.——I’m very____with my own cooking.It looks nice and smells delicious.

——Mum，it does have a____smell.

A.pleasant;pleased____B.pleased;pleased

C.pleasant;pleasant D.pleased;pleasant

(高考北京卷2002春-22)

答案:1.C 2.B 3.B 4.B 5.C 6.D 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.D

參考文獻:

[1]薄冰，趙振才.英語考試真題語法和詞匯詳解[M].哈爾濱:世界圖書出版公司，2006.

[2]李淑蓮.5年英語高考試題匯編與全析[M].海口:海南出版社，2009.

[3]《英語學(xué)習(xí)》編輯部.英語用法指南[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社，1983.

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