不妨讓學(xué)生站講臺

摘要《英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》提出中學(xué)的英語教學(xué)應(yīng)該做到使學(xué)生通過英語的學(xué)習(xí)，掌握學(xué)習(xí)外語的方法和策略，并且具有良好的學(xué)習(xí)心態(tài)，對以后更加漫長的終身學(xué)習(xí)奠定基礎(chǔ)。積極的情感態(tài)度如興趣、動機(jī)、自信、意志和合作精神等有利于學(xué)習(xí)過程和學(xué)習(xí)效果;相反，消極的情感如焦慮、抑制、過于內(nèi)向、害羞和膽怯不利于英語學(xué)習(xí)。自主學(xué)習(xí)能力是終身學(xué)習(xí)的前提，學(xué)生在校學(xué)習(xí)期間的一個重要學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)是學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)，以便他們走入社會以后能夠真正實(shí)現(xiàn)自主的終身學(xué)習(xí)。

中圖分類號:G633.4文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼:A

0 引言

很多步入高中的學(xué)生，不能適應(yīng)高中的英語學(xué)習(xí)，感覺高中英語難度大，考題靈活，學(xué)的和考的沒有關(guān)系，一點(diǎn)成就感都沒有。有的學(xué)生甚至在高中的半個月學(xué)習(xí)后就放棄英語學(xué)習(xí)了。這樣的學(xué)生在我們南京中等層次的中學(xué)里是常常見到的。我們高一英語老師必須想方設(shè)法做好高一新生的英語銜接教學(xué)，努力培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語的主動性和興趣。于是，我在高中最重要的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)——高中閱讀上采取讓學(xué)生自己站講臺講解的方法。

1 操作過程

(1)全班五十名同學(xué)按照學(xué)號順序每人一篇，限時閱讀，在課堂上用五分鐘向全班講解。每節(jié)課兩名學(xué)生用十分鐘講解兩篇，然后老師上課。

(2)對全班同學(xué)而言，每天閱讀并理解兩篇英語短文，完成后面的理解練習(xí)。

(3)每個同學(xué)有一本詞匯積累本，及時記錄并且記憶這些短文里的有用單詞和詞組，老師定期抽查詞匯本和默寫單詞或詞組。

(4)主講學(xué)生在備課期間應(yīng)采用多種手段或方法解決遇到的問題，如查英語詞典、向同學(xué)或朋友求助、上網(wǎng)搜索、向老師請教等。

(5)在上課的前一天，老師必須和兩名主講學(xué)生一起討論文章的大意、重難點(diǎn)、有用詞匯、練習(xí)答案的解釋方法等，在講臺上，注意教態(tài)、大聲說話、提問，在做的過程中學(xué)習(xí)到很多實(shí)際的知識和能力。

(6)每位同學(xué)在上完課后用英語寫一篇教學(xué)報告，總結(jié)出自己在這個過程中的感受、體會和得失，明確要改善和提高英語閱讀能力自己需要做出的努力方向。

2 課堂案例

上課前三分鐘，我就走進(jìn)教室候課。這時兩個主講的同學(xué)已經(jīng)開始在黑板上寫自己所要講解的短文的詞組了。

上課鈴響了，師生問候完畢。

Teacher: Now， let’s invite Windy to explain the first passage to us.

大家一起鼓掌歡迎。只見Windy從容、自信地走上講臺，大聲地開始了五分鐘的閱讀講解。

Lecturer: Thank you very much. It’s my turn to do the lecture today. Who is willing to tell us the main idea of the passage?

Student A: May I speak in Chinese?

Lecturer: OK.

Student A: 一個經(jīng)常受到野象侵襲的村莊的村民要阻止大象入侵但又不能傷害大象。他們千方百計，想方設(shè)法，最后通過撒辣椒粉獲得成功，大象不再靠近這個小村莊了。

Lecturer: Excellent. Now let’s check the answers. Question 1， Student B， please!

Student B: My answer is C.

Lecturer: Right. Question 2， Student C.

Student C: I think A is correct.

Lecturer: Yes， you got it. Student D， what do you think about the next question?

Student D: D is my answer.

Lecturer: Right. Student E， what’s your answer to the last question?

Student E: C， but I am not quite sure.

Lecturer: Any other opinions? Student F.

Student F: I think A is the right answer. C is a little far from the point.

Lecturer: Well done. Now read the expressions on the blackboard together. One， two， start.

All the students read loud:

for some timelie close to have a hard time cut down forestsat the same timeresult in disaster in some casesput up electric fencessucceed in doing something hit upon a simple way be covered with keep elephants awayback offdeal with

break the balance of nature

Teacher: Windy did a good job today. Now， David， it’s your turn. Let’s welcome David.

……

在兩個同學(xué)講解之后，老師及時給出評價:The two lectures today are very excellent. They spoke loud and kept calm. Their explanations were simple， clear and to the point. Now please remember to look at others when you communicate with them because it is very important to contact with eyes.

(今天的兩個同學(xué)做得很棒。他們聲音響亮，舉止大方，解釋簡潔、清晰、到位。有一點(diǎn)，我們大家都要注意的是在和別人交流時，應(yīng)該認(rèn)真看對方的眼睛，因?yàn)檠凵竦慕涣鳂O其重要。)

總結(jié)完了，我看看手表，過了十分鐘。我開始上課:“Let’s revise what we learned last time. …”

3 反思

正如著名教育家贊可夫說:“教學(xué)法一旦觸及學(xué)生的情緒和意志領(lǐng)域，觸及學(xué)生的精神需求，這種教學(xué)法就能發(fā)揮高度有效的作用。” 還有著名教育家蘇霍姆林斯基再三強(qiáng)調(diào):一定要讓學(xué)生“學(xué)會如何學(xué)習(xí)”。我發(fā)現(xiàn)在全班同學(xué)完成一輪教學(xué)以后，整個班級的英語學(xué)習(xí)氛圍有了極大的改善。首先，同學(xué)們對英語越來越感興趣，學(xué)習(xí)英語的積極性和主動性越來越強(qiáng)，英語成績和英語知識的運(yùn)用能力有了顯著提高。其次，同學(xué)之間形成了友好和諧、互幫互助的良好關(guān)系，老師和同學(xué)之間增加了溝通和交流，師生之間和生生之間都加強(qiáng)了信任、尊重和友好。最后還有一點(diǎn)非常明顯的變化，許多同學(xué)的個性和心態(tài)變了，變得活潑、開朗和自信，變得更加有責(zé)任心了。需要注意的是在這個過程中，老師一定要多幫助多鼓勵多贊揚(yáng)學(xué)生，特別是英語學(xué)習(xí)有困難和性格內(nèi)向的。

對每個同學(xué)來說雖然只是短短的五分鐘，但是大家都感覺收益非淺，都期待著下一次再上講臺。 于是，我們開始了第二輪，第三輪 ……

4 學(xué)生感悟

Report on my reading teaching (by Windy)

I’m lucky to have the chance to teach my classmates how to read and understand English passages. I have learned a lot from this practice.

When I got my task， I felt very excited and a bit nervous because I could challenge myself and I was a little shy. Then I read the passage carefully and did the choice exercises. I looked up new words in the dictionary. I found it so important to keep a good English dictionary. When I got some problems， I discussed with my good friends Li Juan and Shi Lin. At the same time， I also turned to my teacher of English for advice and instructions.

The class I looked forward to is coming. Just before it I wrote new words and expressions on the blackboard and stood in front of it. The bell rang and my class began. I collected my strength and spoke loud. I invited two of my classmates to answer my questions. They were so kind and clever and they did a good job. I managed to finish my task at last. My teacher encouraged and praised me.

I have really gained a lot from this experience. I become brave and confident. I learn how to help others and how to ask help from others. I also find it helpful to refer to dictionaries. I conclude that if we want to improve our English reading ability， we should do the following three things. First， we must have a large vocabulary and proper grammar knowledge. Besides， reading carefully and getting main ideas are extremely necessary. At last， we should read more out of class and enrich our knowledge and information in many different fields.

In all， it is a very happy and exciting experience for me. I once taught my classmates like a teacher. I will never forget it.