[摘要] 目的 探討瑞巴派特(膜固思達)對各種原因引起的胃潰瘍愈合狀況的影響。方法 胃竇及胃體取活檢證實為胃潰瘍的60例患者,根據幽門螺桿菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)感染狀況和非甾體抗炎藥(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drags,NSAIDs)相關性分組,其中HP感染狀況依據快速尿素酶試驗、組織病理學檢查以及尿素呼氣試驗判定,NSAIDs相關性依據NSAIDs使用史判定。所有患者均給予瑞巴派特100mg每日3次口服,持續8周。在第4周和第8周進行不良反應隨訪,最后復查胃鏡評價潰瘍愈合程度。結果 有NSAIDs使用史的患者大部分完全愈合(70%),所有患者對治療結果滿意且無明顯不良反應。結論 瑞巴派特對NSAIDs相關性潰瘍療效顯著,可以明顯促進潰瘍愈合改善臨床癥狀。
[關鍵詞] 瑞巴派特;NSAIDs;HP;胃潰瘍
[中圖分類號] R573.1 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-9701(2010)12-48-03
Effect of Rebamipide(mucosta) on Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs -related Gastric Ulcer Healing
WANG Minghui
Sihe Mine Branch, General Hospital of Shanxi Jincheng Authracite Mining Group,Jincheng 048025,China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the effect of rebamipide(mucosta)on gastric ulcer healing caused by various etiologies. Methods Sixty cases of gastric ulcer were grouped based on the helicobacter pylori(HP) infection and the relation to use of(NSAIDs). The helicobacter pylori(HP) infection was determined by using rapid urease test,histopathological examination and the urea breath test,and the relation to NSAIDs was evaluated by the NSAIDs-taking history. All patients received rebamipide 100 mg,three times a day,for 8 weeks. The adverse effects were assessed at Weeks 4 and 8 after administration. At the end of the present study,the endoscopic evaluation of ulcer healing was carried out. Results Ulcers were completely healed(70%) in most patients with NSAIDs-related ulcer.All patients were satisfied with the therapy results due to few adverse effects. Conclusion Rebamipide has a significant effect on NSAIDs-related ulcer and can clearly improve the clinical symptoms to promote ulcer healing.
[Key words] Rebamipide;Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs;Helicobacter pylori;Gastric ulcer
消化性潰瘍是全球性多發病,特別是發展中國家的發病率目前有增無減,其中不乏反復復發患者。其發生主要是攻擊因子(胃酸分泌)與防御因子(包括黏液黏膜屏障、黏膜血流及上皮再生)之間失衡所致,幽門螺桿菌(Helicobacter pylori,HP)感染和非甾體抗炎藥(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drags,NSAIDs)的應用也是兩大危險因素[1]。當前臨床上對這類疾病的處理主要是減少胃酸的分泌(H2受體拮抗劑和質子泵抑制劑)、胃黏膜保護劑的應用(吉法酯、硫糖鋁、鋁碳酸鎂)及幽門螺桿菌的清除。
瑞巴派特(膜固思達)作為一種新型抗潰瘍藥可增加前列腺素合成、促進表皮生長因子及其受體表達、抑制中性粒細胞激活、清除氧自由基等。目前研究表明它對各種實驗性胃潰瘍有效,可促進前列腺素產生,保護胃黏膜免受各種致潰瘍因子的危害,有較高的臨床應用價值[2]。本研究的目的旨在探討其對HP感染同時伴或不伴NSAIDs相關性和無HP感染同時不伴NSAIDs相關性患者愈合的影響。
1資料與方法
1.1一般資料
選擇標準:①年齡>18歲;②育齡期女性需要采取避孕措施,絕經期、子宮全切術3個月以上及輸卵管結扎的女性也可入選;③無嚴重心、肺、肝、腎疾病者;④無使用H2受體拮抗劑和質子泵抑制劑史患者;⑤均由胃鏡證實為胃潰瘍活動期,大小0.5~2.5cm,數目不超過2個,經病理檢查除外惡性腫瘤。選擇2008年1月~2009年12月符合上述標準的我院消化科、風濕科、骨科、心內科門診及住院患者60例。所有患者都行胃鏡取活組織4處(2處來源于胃竇,2處來源于胃體)用于快速尿素酶試驗、組織病理學檢查及尿素呼氣試驗。三項檢查中有一項為陽性即判定為HP陽性,三項都為陰性判定為HP陰性。在7d內以任何劑量使用過NSAIDs或在2~3個月內服用小劑量阿司匹林預防暫時性腦缺血發作、心肌梗塞的患者認定為NSAIDs相關性陽性。根據HP感染狀況和NSAIDs相關狀況劃分為四組:①HP+NSAIDs+組14例,男8例,女6例,年齡平均55.14歲;②HP+NSAIDs-組18例,男10例,女8例,年齡平均52.78歲;③HP-NSAIDs+組6例,男0例,女6例,年齡平均61.33歲;④HP-NSAIDs-組22例,男10例,女12例,年齡平均58.18歲。四組一般資料差異無統計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。
1.2試驗方法
全部患者給予瑞巴派特(黑龍江省惠利達醫藥有限公司生產,批號:20080104)100mg每日3次,療程為8周。8周后復查胃鏡,觀察潰瘍愈合情況。在第4周和第8周進行癥狀學隨診,并檢查血、尿、大便常規及肝腎功能,觀察藥物的不良反應。
1.3療效判斷標準[3]
完全愈合:潰瘍愈合,周圍炎癥消失;基本愈合:潰瘍愈合,周圍仍有炎癥;有效:潰瘍面縮小50%以上或潰瘍減少;無效:潰瘍愈合不到50%,或無變化甚至加重。
1.4統計學方法
計數資料用χ2檢驗,采用SPSS13.0統計軟件分析,P<0.05為差異有統計學意義。
2結果
2.1四組臨床療效比較
四組中只有HP-NSAIDs+組患者全部完全愈合,但由于該組病例較少,差異無統計學意義。四組之間完全愈合率比較差異無統計學意義(P>0.01)。但NSAIDs+和NSAIDs-組之間,NSAIDs+組70%患者達到了完全愈合,與NSAIDs-組35%達到完全愈合比較差異具有統計學意義(P<0.05)。見表1~3。
2.2不良反應
各組在第4周和第8周均無明顯不良反應,肝腎功能及血尿便常規亦無異常變化。
3討論
瑞巴派特作為一種胃黏膜保護藥已經被廣泛應用于臨床治療急性胃炎、消化性潰瘍、以及NSAIDs和HP相關性潰瘍[4,5]。目前研究已證實瑞巴派特能作用于表皮生長因子(EGF)及其受體環氧化酶-2(COX-2)和絲裂原激活蛋白(MAP)激酶信號途徑前列腺素EP4受體、熱休克蛋白的表達,核因子(NF)κB炎癥信號轉導途徑,誘導型NO合酶(iNOS)mRNA的表達[6,7],從而清除激活的氧自由基,抑制中性粒細胞活化,升高表皮生長因子及其受體的表達,加強上皮屏障作用,刺激前列腺素生成,減少炎癥因子的產生,激活COX-2的基因表達促進潰瘍的愈合[7,8]。
本研究觀察了瑞巴派特對HP感染同時伴或不伴NSAIDs相關性和無HP感染同時不伴NSAIDs相關性的患者愈合狀況,結果顯示瑞巴派特可以顯著促進NSAIDs相關性患者的潰瘍愈合。此外絕大部分患者對治療效果滿意且沒有明顯的不良反應及并發癥。但是先前一些研究證明其有輕微的腹瀉、嘔吐、腹痛等不良反應,不過經證實沒有嚴重不良反應且不會影響到患者安全[9,10]。
本研究結果表明瑞巴派特對NSAIDs相關性潰瘍療效顯著,可以明顯促進潰瘍愈合并改善臨床癥狀。不能證明瑞巴派特對HP相關性潰瘍有良好療效。因此HP相關性潰瘍病例大樣本量的研究,進一步證明瑞巴派特是否對其有明顯療效顯的尤為重要。
[參考文獻]
[1] Jeong SS,Kil HL,Soo TL,et al. Effect of rebamipide on chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer[D]. Jeonju South Korea: Institute of Medical Science,Chonbuk National University,1995,19(1).
[2] Watanabe K,Murakami K,Sato R,et al. Effect of sucralfate on antibiotic therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection in mice[J]. Antimicrob Agents Chemother,2004,48(12):4582-4588.
[3] Gaskina TK,Gorchakov VN,Mel'nikova EV. Effect of bioactive herbal preparations on structure of the gastric mucosa during stomach ulcer developing[J]. Morfologiia,2009,135(2):48-52.
[4] Arakawa T,Kobayashi K,Yoshikawa T,et al. Rebamipide:overview of its mechanisms of action and efficacy in mucosal protection and ulcer healing[J]. Dig Dis Sci,1998,43(9):5-13.
[5] Arakawa T,Higuchi K,Fujiwara Y,et al. 15th anniversary of rebamipide:looking ahead to the new mechanisms and new applications[J]. Dig Dis Sci,2005,50(1):3-11.
[6] Haruma K,Ito M. Review article:clinical significance of mucosal- protective agents:acid, inflammation,carcinogenesis and rebamipide[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2003,1:153-159.
[7] Naito Y,Kajikawa H,Mizushima K,et al. Rebamipide,a gastro -protective drug,inhibits indomethacin-induced apoptosis in cultured rat gastric mucosal cells:association with the inhibition of growth arrest and DNA damage-induced 45 alpha expression[J]. Dig Dis Sci,2005,1:104 -112.
[8] Sakurai K,Sasabe H,Koga T,et al. Mechanism of hydroxyl radical scavenging by rebamipide: identification of mono-hydroxylated rebamipide as a major reaction product[J]. Free Radic Res,2004,38(5):487-494.
[9] Fujioka T,Arakawa T,Shimoyama T,et al. Effects of rebamipide,a gastro-protective drug on the Helicobacter pylori status and inflammation in the gastric mucosa of patients with gastric ulcer:a randomized doubleblindplacebo-controlledmulticentretrial[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2003,18(1):146-152.
[10] Talley NJ,Riff DS,Schwartz H,et al. Double-blind placebo- controlled multicentre studies of rebamipide,a gastroprotective drug,in the treatment of functional dyspepsia with or without Helicobacter pylori infection[J]. Aliment Pharmacol Ther,2001,15:1603-1611.
(收稿日期:2010-01-13)