對英語劃線部分提問的方法歸納

摘 要: 轉(zhuǎn)換中，劃線部分提問貫穿于整個初中英語的教學(xué)中，而許多學(xué)生對這一變化十分頭痛，本文作者在此將多年教學(xué)中總結(jié)出來的方法歸納如下，希望對學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助。

關(guān)鍵詞: 初中英語 對劃線部分提問 提問方法

對劃線部分提問，就是對句子中某一劃線部分進行提問，形成特殊疑問句，而特殊疑問句是特殊疑問詞加一個一般疑問句。因此，掌握一般疑問句的構(gòu)成和確定疑問詞是關(guān)鍵所在。

首先，必須掌握一般疑問句的構(gòu)成方式。

1.如果句子中有be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，可直接將其提到主語之前構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如:

He is a student.→Is he a student?

She can sing an English song.→Can she sing an English song?

They will go to Lanzhou tomorrow?→Will they go to Lanzhou tomorrow?

He has already read this book three times.→Has he already read this book three times?

2.如果句子中沒有be動詞、情態(tài)動詞或助動詞時，就借助助動詞do來完成一般疑問句。例如:

They often arrive at school late.主語前(句首)加助動詞do構(gòu)成:Do they often arrive at school late?

She sings the English song in the park every Sunday.變?yōu)?Do she singsthe English song in the park every Sunday?由于句中哪個動詞在前面就在哪個動詞上體現(xiàn)其人稱和數(shù)的變化，所以應(yīng)該為:Does she sing the English song in the park every Sunday?

She bought a car from Lanzhou the day before yesterday.變?yōu)?Do she bought a car from Lanzhou the day before yesterday?將動詞bought的過去時移到do上，所以應(yīng)改為:Did she buy a car from Lanzhou the day before yesterday?

3.have(has)在表示“有”時也可以直接將其提到主語前面構(gòu)成一般疑問句。例如:

They have a lot of little sheep below the mountain.→

Have they a lot of little sheep below the mountain?

He has a new green car in his school playground.→

Has he a new green car in his school playground?

也可以變?yōu)?They have a lot of little sheep below the mountain.→

Do they have a lot of little sheep below the mountain?

He has a new green car in his school playground.→

Does he have a new green car in his school playground?

其次，確定疑問詞。

首先將原句翻譯成漢語，然后將劃線部分遮住再翻譯成漢語，這樣可準確、迅速地找出疑問詞。

例如:They sing the English song in the park every Sunday.(他們每周在公園唱那首英語歌曲。)遮住劃線部分后翻譯為:“他們在哪唱那首英語歌曲?”確定疑問詞為where。將疑問詞放在句首，然后把剩余的全部“They sing the English song in the park”變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹癲o they sing the English song in the park?”跟在疑問詞where之后，就完成了對句子中every Sunday劃線部分的提問:Where do they sing the English song in the park?

又如:He went to school the day before yesterday.(前天他去上學(xué)了。)遮住后翻譯為:“他前天去了哪里?”確定疑問詞為where。再將剩余部分“He went the day before yesterday”變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹癉id he go the day before yesterday?”跟在where后，就完成了對句中to school部分劃線部分的提問:Where did he go the day before yesterday?

最后，應(yīng)注意的三個問題。

1.如果對句子中名詞前的定語提問時，應(yīng)將被修飾詞與疑問詞放到一起。例如:

He is waiting for his friend now.→

Whose friend is he waiting for now?

There are two dogs in front of the house.→

How many dogs are there in front of the house?

2.對句中主語或主語的定語劃線提問時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不變，只用疑問詞代替劃線部分(There be句型例外)。例如:

They lost the books last Sunday.→Who lost the books last Sunday?

His car is over there.→Whose car is over there?

There is some milk in the glass.→What is there in the glass?

習(xí)慣上此句常說成:What is in the glass?

3.原句是什么時態(tài)，劃線部分提問后仍為什么時態(tài)。例如:

He is eating an apple now.→What is he doing now?

She does her homework at school every day.→What does she do at school every day?