英語翻譯對比閱讀之我見

　　摘 要： 古今明老師在英漢翻譯基礎這本書中曾對翻譯這樣定義：翻譯是把一種語言所表達的思維內容用另一種語言所表達出來的語言活動，它包含著一個對原文含義的理解逐步深入，對原文含義的表達逐步完善的過程。在翻譯中，毛榮貴老師說，對比閱讀翻譯是學習翻譯的一個捷徑，通過對比翻譯可以萌“曲徑通幽”之文思。本文就英語翻譯對比閱讀進行了研究。
　　關鍵詞： 英語翻譯 對比閱讀 古今明 毛榮貴
　　
　　最近在讀毛榮貴老師的《譯然自得》時受益頗多，覺得英語翻譯在對比閱讀時更容易記得原文用詞的美妙與漢語譯文的精彩。其中有篇文章在《譯然自得》的第一篇，題目名是“Kiss Lands Iranian Actress and Directors in Court”，首先在這個題目里“Land”這個詞用得非常的生動，他沒有采用“Send”或者是“Cause”等，因為“Land”使文章整體更具有美感。
　　其整篇文章是這樣的：A Kiss planted on the forehead of a young Iranian directors by a well-known actress has landed the pair in court and sparked heated protests in the Islamic Republic over physical contact between the sexes.
　　Under Iran’s strict Islamic laws，implemented after the 1979 revolution led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini，touching between unrelated men and women，even a handshake，is forbidden.So there was stunned silence at a film awards ceremony in the central city of Yazd last Friday when respected actress Gohar Kheirandish kissed the forehead of Ali Zamani and shook his hand when presenting the prizes for top director.
　　“I was chosen as the best film maker in the festival，I was a student of Kheirandish’s late husband，and she became emotional and kissed my forehead，”Zamani was quoted by the Etemad daily as saying on Thursday.The pair apologized for their actions and insisted it was spontaneous gesture not intended to cause offence.“She kissed me like a mother kisses her child，”he said.
　　But conservative authorities present at the ceremony saw it differently.The local justice department chief ordered their arrest for disturbing public morality.Zamani，who was in his 20s，appeared in court in Wednesdayand released on bail of $2，500，Kheirandish，who is in her 50s，was reported to be returning to Yazd to face the charges.On Monday，Moshen Talebpour，representative of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Khamenei in Yazd，organized a protest to condemn the kiss，the official IRNA news agency reported.“Today the enemy has targeted our Islamic beliefs，”he said.
　　Isranian cinema has an uneasy existence.Although lauded at international festivals around the world，Iranian films often struggle to make it past stict local censors.Conservative media lambasted the pair.“Our enemies are trying to harm Islam through culture and this event is an example of that effect，”an editorial in Ya Lessarat weekly said.A local Culture Ministry official was also arrested，accused of being “accomplice ”in allowing the pair to leave yazd.He was later released on $6，250 bails.“Although we condemn the move it should be underlined and considered that the event happened in a very emotional atmosphere and it was not preplanned，”a senior Yazd Culture Ministry official said.
　　Social restrictions have relaxed somewhat since moderate President Mohammad Khatami stormed to 1997 election win.Dress codes，particularly for women，have become more liberal with lipstick and scandals now tolerated，although they still have to cover their heads with scarves and loose fitting ankle-length clothing.But physical contact between sexes remains taboo，something one official found awkward when meeting Western women.“During ceremonies，I hold a glass in one hand and my bag in other hand to avoid shaking women’s hands，”Iran’s former representative to the United Nations Hadi Najid Hosseinian was quoted as saying by the Ya Lessarat weekly newspaper.“Foreign women are not aware of Islamic rules and when you don’t shake their hands they become red and yellow.”
　　
　　Najiad hosseinian said he had written to supreme Leader khamenei to ask whether，under certain circumstances，it was permissible to shake a woman’s hand.The answer was a firm “no.”
　　這篇文章乃是一篇新聞，文中用了很多正式的語言，從第一句的“planted”、“landed”和“sparkled”就能看出整篇文章的基調，正式而嚴肅。本篇文章主要介紹一個50多歲的知名女演員在頒獎時，在一位20多歲的男導演而頭上親吻了一下，而在國內引起的軒然大波。
　　這篇文章中共用了兩個“Emotional”，第一個原譯是：“本次電影節，我被選為最佳導演，我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的學生，他變得情緒激動，吻了我的額頭?！盓temad日報周四如此引述了Zamani的話。然后毛榮貴老師改譯成了：“本次電影節，我被選為最佳導演，因為我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的學生，所以他才動了感情而吻了我的額頭。”Etemad日報周四如此引述了Zamani的這些話?！癊motional”在字典里的意思有“容易激動的，激動人的，激動感情的，感情的，情緒的”等含義，在本文里被譯成情緒激動也未嘗不可，但如果改譯成了動了感情的話我覺得不妥，因為本文雖講的就是在伊斯蘭教法律社會下社會風氣的嚴謹，未婚男女之間不允許有身體的接觸，本文刻意提到了兩個人的年齡，就是在說明一個吻所引發的事其實都是無中生有的，而此刻“Emotional”被譯成動了感情，不經會讓人誤解，浮想聯翩，這就違背了整篇文章所要表達的含義——撇清兩個人的關系。所以我認為可以譯成：“本次電影節，我被選為最佳導演，因為我是Kheirandish已故丈夫的學生，所以他感情激動地吻了我的額頭?！?br/>　　第二個“Emotional”在那段話里是這樣譯的：“雖然我們譴責這個行為，但需要強調考慮的是，此事件發生在一個非常情緒化的氣氛中，而非預謀的?！贝藭r被譯成“非常情緒化的”當然欠妥，“非常情緒化”形容的是一個人的性格，是不能用來修飾“氛圍”的，而且，這樣譯就會使詞性偏向貶義，也違背了文章的整體基調。所以毛榮貴老師把他改譯成了“極易動情的”，這樣就很好，既修飾了氛圍，也達到了褒義的目的。
　　文章中還有一句話是這樣的“she kissed me like a mother kisses her child”原譯成“他親吻我，就像母親親吻他的孩?！?，毛榮貴老師改譯成了“她吻我，如母吻子?！保矣X得雖然改譯的更簡潔明了了，但也少了些溫情的感覺，所以我認為改譯成：“她親吻我，就像一個母親親吻自己的孩子?！边@樣感覺會更細膩，而且也能將當時她的心情刻畫出來。
　　
　　參考文獻：
　?。?］毛榮貴，張琦編.譯文對比分析.譯然自得.中國對外翻譯出版公司，2005.
　　［2］古今明主編.英漢翻譯基礎.上海外語教育出版社，1995.
　　［3］Eugene A.Nida.The Theory and Practice of Translation，E.J.Brill，1982.
　　［4］張培基主編.英漢翻譯教程.上海外語教育出版社，1980.