用釋義法巧解2011年廣東高考英語閱讀理解細節題

研究2011年廣東高考英語閱讀理解細節題不難發現，所有的題干都可以在文章中找到相應的出處，也就是信息源。命題專家是根據文章中的某句話、某段話或整個篇章，按照文章發展的先后順序進行命題的。所以，在做閱讀理解細節題時，不管是什么題材或是體裁的文章，我們要首先找到題干的關鍵詞，然后根據關鍵詞在文章中找到信息源，對找到的信息進行認真細致地分析，用同義詞或對整個句子進行釋義，再對比選項的說法，就能準確地找到答案。

一、用同義詞釋義法解題

縱觀2011年閱讀理解的細節理解題，題目的設計和文章的細節雖然不是一模一樣，但在原文中都可以找到解題的關鍵句，再通過同義詞釋義的方法選出正確的選項。

下面請看閱讀理解A篇：

In the animal kingdom， weakness can bring about aggression in other animals. This sometimes happens with humans also. But I have found that my weakness brings out the kindness in people. I see it every day when people hold doors for me， pour cream into my coffee， or help me to put on my coat. And I have discovered that it makes them happy.

From my wheelchair experience， I see the best in people， but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily. They don’t get to see this soft side of others. Often， we try every way possible to avoid showing our weakness， which includes a lot of pretending. But only when we stop pretending we’re brave or strong do we allow people to show the kindness that’s in them.

Last month， when I was driving home on a busy highway， I began to feel unwell and drove more slowly than usual. People behind me began to get impatient and angry， with some speeding up alongside me， horning（按喇叭） or even shouting at me. At the moment I decided to do something I had never done in twenty fouryears of driving. I put on the car flashlights and drove on at a really low speed.

No more angry shouts and no more horns!

When I put on my flashlights， I was saying to other drivers， “I have a problem here. I am weak and doing the best I can.” And everyone understood. Several times， I saw drivers who wanted to pass. They couldn’t get around me because of the stream of passing traffic. But instead of getting impatient and angry， they waited， knowing the driver in front of them was in some way weak.

Sometimes situations call for us to act strong and brave even when we don’t feel that way. But those are few and far between. More often， it would be better if we don’t pretend we feel strong when we feel weak or pretend that we are brave when we are scared.

27. The author feels sad sometimes because .

A. he has a soft heart

B. he relies much on others

C. some people pretend to be kind

D. some people fail to see the kindness in others

28. What did the other drivers do when they saw the flashlights?

A. They speed up to pass.

B. They waited with patience.

C. They tried their best to help.

D. They put on their flashlights too.

27題的題干的關鍵詞是feel sad，信息源是第二段的第一句“but sometimes I feel sad because those who appear independent miss the kindness I see daily”， 正確選項“D. some people fail to see the kindness in others”中用some people代替those who appear independent，用同義詞fail to see代替miss。

28題的題干的關鍵詞是flashlights，信息源在第五段的第一句，答案的信息源在該段最后一句“But instead of getting impatient and angry， they waited，”正確選項“B. They waited with patience”中，用with patience代替instead of getting impatient。

再看閱讀理解B篇：

Can dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? People who are thinking about adopting a dog as a friend for their cats are worried that they will fight. A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study， if the cat is adopted before the dog， and if they are introduced when still young (less than 6 months for cats， a year for dogs)， it is highly probable that the two pets will get along swimmingly. Two-thirds of the homes interviewed reported a positive relationship between their cat and dog.

However， it wasn’t all sweetness and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes， while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example， when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression， while a dog doing the same signals submission.

In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully， researchers observed a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each other’s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk ‘Dog’， and dogs can learn how to talk ‘Cat’.

What’s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other’s body signals， suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected. Once familiar with each other’s presence and body language， cats and dogs can play together， greet each other nose to nose， and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa. They can easily share the same water bowl and in some cases groom (梳理) each other.

The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets——to people who don’t get along， including neighbors， colleagues at work， and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along， surely people have a good chance.

33. What is found surprising about cats and dogs？

A. They eat and sleep each other.

B. They observe each other’s behaviors.

C. They learn to speak each other’s language.

D. They know something from each other’s voices.

34. It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that cats and dogs

.

A. have common interests

B. are less different than was thought

C. have a common body language

D. are less intelligent than was expected

33題題干的關鍵詞是surprising ，信息源在第三段的第一句，答案的信息源在該段第二句“They are learning how to talk each other’s language”正確選項“C. They learn to speak each other’s language.”中的speak代替同義詞talk，其余表述一樣。

34題題干的關鍵詞是suggest，信息源在第四段的第二句“suggesting that the two may have more in common than we previously suspected”，正確選項B中的“are less different than was thought”用同義詞 “are less different (不同點更少了)”替代了原文的 “have more in common (共同點更多了)” ；用同義詞thought來替代suspected。

二、通過對句子釋義解題

通過對2011年閱讀理解的細節理解題的分析，我們還可以發現，在文章中找到命題的信息源之后，我們可以通過對句子進行釋義（paraphrase）的方法選出正確的選項。

下面請看閱讀理解C篇：

A year after graduation， I was offered a position teaching a writing class. Teaching was a profession I had never seriously considered， though several of my stories had been published. I accepted the job without hesitation， as it would allow me to wear a tie and go by the name of Mr. Davis. My father went by the same name， and I liked to imagine people getting the two of us confused. “Wait a minute，” someone might say， “are you talking about Mr. Davis the retired man， or Mr. Davis the respectable scholar?”

The position was offered at the last minute， and I was given two weeks to prepare， a period I spent searching for briefcase (公文包) and standing before my full-length mirror， repeating the words， “Hello， class. I’m Mr. Davis.” Sometimes I would give myself an aggressive voice. Sometimes I would sound experienced. But when the day eventually came， my nerves kicked in and the true Mr. Davis was there. I sounded not like a thoughtful professor， but rather a 12-year-old boy.

I arrived in the classroom with paper cards designed in the shape of maple leaves. I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper. I saw nine students along a long table. I handed out the cards， and the students wrote down their names and fastened them to their breast pockets as I required.

“All right then，” I said. “Okay， here we go.” Then I opened my briefcase and realized that I had never thought beyond this moment. I had been thinking that the students would be the first to talk， offering their thoughts and opinions on the events of the day. I had imagined that I would sit at the edge of the desk， overlooking a forest of hands. Every student would yell. “Calm down， you’ll all get your turn. One at a time， one at a time!”

A terrible silence ruled the room， and seeing no other opinions， I inspected the students to pull out their notebooks and write a brief essay related to the theme of deep disappointment.

38. Before he started his class， the author asked the students to .

A. write down their suggestions on the paper cards

B. cut maple leaves out of the construction paper

C. cut some cards out of the construction paper

D. write down their names on the paper cards

39. What did the students do when the author started his class?

A. They began to talk.

B. They stayed silent.

C. They raised their hands.

D. They shouted to be heard.

38題題干關鍵詞是before he started his class，由此可知信息源是在第三段的最后一句話“I handed out the cards， and the students wrote down their names”，選項D幾乎與信息源的表述一樣。38題的干擾項B、C的表述文章第三段的表述很相似，若學生沒看見“I had cut them myself out of orange construction paper”中的myself，就容易選B、C。但本文是作者親自做的卡片，而不是題干所問。

39題題干的關鍵詞是students do，其信息源在文章的最后一段，關鍵句是A terrible silence ruled the room，對此句的釋義是students in the class stayed silent，正是B選項。

再看閱讀理解D篇：

In a world with limited land， water and other natural resources (資源)， the harm from the traditional business model is on the rise. Actually， the past decades has seen more and more forests disappearing and globe becoming increasingly warm. People now realize that this unhealthy situation must be changed， and that we must be able to develop in sustainable (可持續的) ways. That means growth with low carbon or development of sustainable products. In other words， we should keep the earth healthy while using its supply of natural resources.

Today， sustainable development is a proper trend in many countries. According to a recent study， the global market for low-carbon energy will become three times bigger over the next decades. China， for example， has set its mind on leading that market， hoping to seize chances in the new round of the global energy revolution. It is now trying hard to make full use of wind and solar energy， and is spending a huge amount of money making electric cars and high-speed trains. In addition， we are also seeing great growth in the global markets for sustainable products such as palm oil (棕櫚油)， which is produced without cutting down valuable rainforest. In recent years the markets for sustainable products have grown by more than 50%.

Governments can fully develop the potential of these new markets. First， they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy. Besides， stronger arrangement of public resources like forests can also help to speed up the development. Finally， governments can avoid the huge public expenses that are taking us in the wrong direction， and redirecting some of those expenses can accelerate the change from traditional model to a sustainable one.

The major challenge of this century is to find ways to meet the needs of growing population within the limits of this single planet. That is no small task， but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries.

43. To fully develop the low-carbon markets， government can .

A. cut public expenses

B. forbid carbon emission

C. develop public resources

D. encourage energy conservation

44. We can learn from the last paragraph that businesses have many chances to ______.

A. develop sustainable products

B. explore new natural resources

C. make full use of natural resources

D. deal with the major challenge

43題題干的關鍵詞是develop，其信息源在第三段。第二句話“they can set high targets for reducing carbon emissions (排放) and targets for saving and reusing energy”是個較長的簡單句，有兩個并列的賓語，其中第二個賓語是they can set high targets for saving and reusing energy，對此句話的釋義就是they can encourage energy conservation。

44題的信息源在文章的最后一段，最后一句“but it offers abundant new chances for sustainable product industries”可釋義為businesses have many chances to develop sustainable products，此句即為正確選項。故選A。

(作者單位：佛山市南海區石門中學獅山校區)

責任編校 蔣小青