中圖分類號:G4 文獻標識碼:A 文章編號:1008-925X(2011)12-0171-01
猜詞是應用英語的重要能力,也是高考中常用的題型。它不但需要準確無誤地理解上下文,而且要有較大的泛讀量,掌握或認識較多的課外詞匯。我們要學會\"順藤摸瓜\",通過構詞,語法,定義,同位,對比,因果,常識,上下文等線索確定詞義。
1、定義法
通過定義,定語從句/詞組,同位語/詞組(that is, or, i.e , such as, in other words, namely, put another way)來確定詞義。
It will be very hard but also very brittle-that is, it will break easily.
A easily broken B soft inside C very hard D expensive key (A)
2、相似法
利用同義詞、近義詞或詞組猜測詞義。
Eg: Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.。
3、對比法
在一個生詞的前后有時會出現它的反義詞或常用來對比的詞語,我們從而可以推知該生詞的意思。這時應該特別注意表示轉折或對比的連詞(although, but, while, etc.)、副詞(instead ,yet ,etc)或介詞短語(on the other hand, on the contrary, etc.)
She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.
but 一詞表轉折,因此but 前后的意思正相反。后半句的意思是她今天\"第一節上了一半才來\",因此反向推理,可得出她平時一向\"準時\"的結論。
4、構詞法
英語中某些生詞的產生有一定的規律可循,這種規律稱之為構詞法。英語中常見的構詞法有轉換、派生、合成三種。對構詞法知識有一定的了解,在閱讀中,我們就可以運用相應的構詞法來猜測某些生詞的含義。
中學英語中常見的前綴和后綴有:
super- (超) mini-(極小的,微小的) micro-(極微小的) re-(再,反復)
mis-(誤,惡) im-(不)un-(不,非)in-(不,非)
non-(不,非) -able(能…的)-less(不,無) -wards (向)
比如,我們也許不知道unforeseeable的含義,但我們可以根據構詞法得知它是一個派生詞。于是把它拆成un,fore,see,able;其中see是詞根,fore是“先、前、預”的含義,un是否定,able是“能…的”,因此unforeseeable就是“未能預見到的”。
再如,我們也許從未見過“lipservice”這個詞。通過觀察分析該詞,我們知道它是一個合成詞,由“lip”和“service”兩詞構成,“lip”是“嘴唇”,“service”是“服務”,于是,我們不難猜出“lipservice”是“口惠而實不至,空話”的意思。
1.We must safeguard the world peace.
A protect B care or custody
C prevent D to keep safe with a burglar-alarm key (A)
2.Don’t listen to his nonsense.
A havig no meaning B meaningless words
C humorous speech D not making sense key (B)
5、因果法
根據對上下文或整句的理解,運用其因果關系,猜出該生詞的意義。
1.The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken .Sometimes the weakness was permanent. So the player could never play the sport again.
A going on for a long time B that may be permitted
C not very strong D in a bad condition key (A)
6、聯想法
在閱讀的過程中,如遇到生詞,有時可以根據自身的直接或間接的經驗,或運用自己已有的常識將其推測出來。比如了解一些英美國家的天文地理、風俗習慣、宗教信仰、政治結構、社會制度等,可以幫助加深對文章的理解,遇到生詞時,猜測詞義的能力自然就會增強
She read my letter slowly to the end and then tore it to shreds. A the whole B pieces C envelope D fires key (B)
7、例舉法
利用文中的舉例猜測詞義。常見的舉例的提示詞有for instance, for example, such as等。
Eg: Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.
8、上下文
利用語境及前后的提示來猜測詞義。
Eg: He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Mary had had a very bad accident.
Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near.
The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo.