英語強調句型用法小議

在英語中，我們常用It is/was（not）… who/that結構來突出強調句子的某一成分(主語，賓語或狀語)。在這個句型中，it沒有詞匯意義，只是引出被強調的成分。如果被強調的成分是表人的詞，用who或that連接都可以。如果是其它成分，則一律用that來連接。如

It is Tom who/that has broken the record. It was in this room that Tom was born.

一、在使用強調句型時須注意的幾個問題：

A) 原句子是現在時或將來時，強調句用It is +被強調的部分 + that (who)…;若原句子是過去時，強調句用：It was +被強調的部分 + that (who)…

(1) Tom will work in China.---It is in China that Tom will work.

(2) I studied at this schooltwo years ago.

—It was at this school that I studied two years ago.

B) 即使被強調部分是復數，It后始終用單數形式。如

Jim and Tom gave us much help.--It was Jim and Tom that gave us much help.

C) 強調人時，可用who/ that，但若強調時間、地點、原因、方式等時，不能用

when， where， why， how，仍用that，如：It is Jim who / that helps us make progress.

It was in front of the bank that the old lady was robbed．

It was because of the heavy rain that he came late．

D）被強調成分是主語，who/that后謂語動詞要在人稱和數上與原句主語一致。

（1） It is I who am right．（2） It is the students who are lovely．

E）被強調成分是作主語的代詞，用主格，是作賓語的代詞，用賓格

It was he that helped me yesterday. It was me that he helped yesterday.

F）疑問句強調：be + it +…that+…? （一般）/特殊疑問詞+be + it that+…?（特殊 ） 如：（1）Was it you who put the book on my desk?(2) What is it that made him so angry?

G）雙賓語強調：無論強調哪個賓語，都必須根據動詞的搭配關系，加上to或for等介詞。如：原句：He gave Mary a pen.

強調直賓：It was Mary that he gave a pen to. 強調間賓：It was a pen that he gave to Mary.

（H）強調結構作賓語時要用陳述句語序。如：I don’t know where it is that he has gone.強調主語時，who或that后面的謂語形式須與被強調的主語保持一致。如：

Lily speaks Chinese very well. —It is Lily that speaks Chinese very well.

(I) 強調句型不用于強調謂語、表語、since， as等引導的原因狀語從句。

二、 not…until結構中時間狀語的強調：It is/was not until+時間狀語+that+… 如：I didn’t go to bed until twelve o’clock last night.

---It was not until twelve o’clock last night that I went to bed.

三、反意疑問句：It was Tom that broke the door， wasn’t it?

四、強調結構的判斷：去掉it is/was和that后，剩余部分(經調整后) 是否依然是個完整的句子，若是，就是強調結構，否則就不是。

It is a pity that you could not come. （不是）

It was at ten that he got home. （是）