1. For example, the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help)it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008廣東卷)
問題:該小題可以填helps嗎?(學生 潘小紅)
解答:不可以。你可能是重點關(guān)注了引號里的內(nèi)容,從局部來理解,將Plucking up a crop 理解為動名詞短語作主語,help是謂語了,這樣就填helps。事實上,從全句來看,主語是the proverb,謂語是is based on the following story;空格所在整個引號部分是動名詞短語,作主語the proverb的同位語,故填to help做plucking up a crop的目的狀語。
2. A teacher only ______ (work) to live is likely to become too narrow-minded.
問題:該小題的答案是working,而不是填to work。可是記得老師曾說過:only后的非謂語動詞要用不定式to do,這是為什么呢?(學生 李杰生)
解答:only后接不定式常表示意料之外的不好的結(jié)果。如:He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. (他匆匆忙忙趕到車站,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)走了) 而本題是現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語,相當于定語從句who only works to live。
3. I seemed to be lifted up, ______ (go) up to a great height.
問題:該題答案是going,為什么不可以填went?(學生 鄭嵐嵐)
解答:因為前面已有謂語動詞seemed了,空格前又沒有并列連詞,故go應為非謂語動詞,所以不可以填謂語動詞went;因I與go在邏輯上是主動關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,表示結(jié)果,故填going。若在空格前加上and,就填went,與前面的seemed to be lifted up作并列謂語。
4. Similarly, one can download the kind of software you like.
問題:表示“任何人”的one,后面能用代詞you與其保持一致嗎?
解答:不能。因為不定代詞one,作泛指的“任何人”解時,后面通常用one, oneself, one’s(英國英語)或he, himself, his (美國英語)等替代。如:One must do one’s /his duty.(每一個人都應當盡職) 因此,上述句子可以修改為:Similarly, one can download the kind of software (that) one /he likes. (同樣,你可以下載你所喜歡的軟件) 此外,you本身也是可以泛指“任何人”的,故此句也可改為:Similarly, you can download the kind of software you like.
5. Children will not be allowed to make a noise and upset the competitors. If they do, they will be taken away from the stadium. (人教版Book2;P13)
問題:句中do是什么意思?可以說If they will do嗎?(學生 吳悠)
解答:句中的do是代替前面的make a noise and upset the competitors,以避免重復。do常用來代替實義動詞,以避免重復。又如:He woks harder than he did a year ago. (他比一年以前工作更努力了)
If they do不能改為If they will do,因為在條件狀語從句和時間狀語從句中的一般將來時要用一般現(xiàn)在時來表達,過去將來時用一般過去時來表達,將來完成時用現(xiàn)在完成時來表達。又如:
When I arrive there, I’ll write to you.我到達那里時,我會給你寫信的。
If they have finished the task early, they will go and help you.要是他們完成任務(wù)早的話,他們就會去幫助你。
6. I’ve discovered I possess a large number of different talents and skills that I never would have thought were within me had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities. (2009年全國卷II 完形填空)
問題:請幫我分析一下該句的結(jié)構(gòu)。(學生 呂寧璐)
解答:這是一個復雜的主從復合句,即從句中還包含有其它的從句。
主句的主謂是I have discovered,其后的I possess...to trying new opportunities是賓語從句,作discovered的賓語;在這個賓語從句中,that引導一個定語從句并在從句中作主語,先行詞是talents and skills;在這個定語從句中,I never would have thought是插入語;had it not been for my being open to trying new opportunities是虛擬條件句,只是省略了if而采用了倒裝句式,相當于if it had not been for my... (要不是因為……)。句意為:我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有多種不同的天賦和技能,如果不是因為我放手去嘗試一次次新的機會,我就永遠也不會想到自己擁有這些天賦和技能。
(以上問題由深圳市寶安區(qū)第一外國語學校王耀文老師解答)
責任編校 蔣小青