摘 要:如何在基礎教育階段培養學生英語口語交際能力,是一個非常值得探究的問題。研究表明,互動式教學方法打破了傳統以教師為中心的教學模式,使學生由被動學習轉為主動探究,真正成為自我發展的主體。
關鍵詞:初中英語口語;互動;教學
一、引言
英語新課程改革要求教師從過去的教學主導者,改變成為學生學習的輔導者,努力加強學生的參與性,積極實踐互動教學。教師應該根據教材和各個學生的特點,合理安排課堂中的活動,使得學生從過去的被動的“被灌輸”知識變成在主動的參與中獲得知識,并且從積極參與的過程中獲得能力和素質的提高。師生互動,生生互動的教學模式還要求學生和教師在學習過程中投入情感,相互作用,這樣不僅可以使得教師和學生之間的交流通道更加順暢有效,而且可以促進學生個體情感態度和人格品質的發展。
二、初中口語互動教學的實證研究
(一)表演式互動教學
表演式互動,是指教師根據教學內容指導學生進行角色扮演,使學生在角色的模仿中對英語口語有親身的實踐和體驗。角色表演可以采取情景對話、小品表演、短劇表演等各種方式。
例1,冰河世紀經典對白:
Sid: Manny, who do you like better, me or Diego?
Manfred: Diego. No contest.
Ellie: Manny, you cant pick favorites with your kids!
Manfred: Hes not my kid. Hes not even my dog. If my dog had a kid, and the kid had a pet, its Sid.
Sid: Manny, can I have a dog?
Manfred: No.
Sid: Ellie, can I have a dog?
Ellie: Sure, sweetie.
Manfred: Ellie, we have to be consistent with them!
例2,變形金剛經典對白:
Autobot Jazz: You want a piece of me Megatron?
Megatron: No, I want two!
Sam Spike Witwicky: So...
Maggie Madsen: What are you here for?
Sam Spike Witwicky: I bought a car. Turned out to be an alien robot.
Captain Lennox: I need a credit card! Epps, wheres your wallet?
USAF Master Sgt. Epps: Pocket!
Captain Lennox: Which pocket?
USAF Master Sgt. Epps: My back pocket!
Captain Lennox: You got ten back pockets!
USAF Master Sgt. Epps: Left cheek! Left cheek! Left cheek!
(二)采訪式互動教學
可以由教師模擬對學生進行采訪,或由許多學生一起組團對教師進行采訪提問。初中生大多將教師作為自己口語模仿和學習的對象,因此這種采訪提問方式既可以讓學生不會無從開口,也易于調動學生的學習興趣。
例如,為讓學生暢談目標和實現目標的途徑,可以先由學生小組討論,然后教師逐個采訪的方式進行。問題可以逐層遞進:What do you want to do in the future? Why? How do you think can you make your dream come true?
以下為部分同學的發言:
A1:I want to be a scientist. They can invest a lot of new things. I should work harder and study more knowledge.
A2:I am go(應該是going) to be a farmer. Food is very important for people. I plan to do more work with my father on the land.
A3:I hope to have my own company. I want to make money. Now I must know the other peoples way of making money.
A4: I will be a driver. I very like to drive cars on the road. I hope to know more about cars.
A5: I will become a doctor. I think I can save many life(應該是 lives).I will study harder on the subjects.
(三)游戲式互動教學
游戲互動的趣味性和娛樂性較強,比較適合于初中學生,這點在筆者對學生的調查中得到證實。游戲的方式有很多,比如學生一答一問接龍,英語故事接龍、聽說相反、唱英文歌。
例如,詞語、語句接龍。在教到運動內容時,可以組織學生進行與“Sports\"有關成語的接龍。讓一個學生說出一項自己知道的運動,然后造句,并模仿運動的特征擺姿勢,然后其他學生接著用英語講出他們所知道的運動,以此類推,看誰說得多,造句好,模仿像。以下為同學分發言:
S1: Running. Liu Xiang is a very famous running player.
S2: Swimming. I enjoy swimming every summer.
S3: Pingpong. I play Pingpong very well.
S4: Basketball. I would like to be basketball player in the future.
S5: Football. I am not interested in Chinese football team at all.
S6: Golf. Golf is said to be for the richer only.